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biology Flashcards

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1
Q

label the parts of an animal cell

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria

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2
Q

label the parts of a plant cell

A

cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuole, mitochondria

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3
Q

why are red blood cells biconcave?

A

to allow for more surface area so more haemoglobin can absorb more oxygen.

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4
Q

do phagocytes have a lobed nucleus?

A

yes.

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5
Q

what is the equation for total magnification of a microscope.

A

eyepeice lens x objective lens

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6
Q

can electron microscopes be used on living things?

A

no.

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7
Q

what is the IAM triangle?

A

Image size = actual size x magnification of drawing.

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8
Q

why do animal cells not need cell walls?

A

they dont need as much structure that the plant cells have.

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9
Q

when observing cheek cells do you use methlene blue or iodine to observe the cells?

A

methlene blue

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10
Q

according to cell theory all organisms consist of one or more living cells. true or false?

A

true

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11
Q

do you use hematoxylin and eosin stain to view blood cells?

A

yes.

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12
Q

what is a chromosone made of

A

dna strands

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13
Q

define diffusion.

A

the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration down a concentration gradient.

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14
Q

define osmosis

A

the net movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration down a concentration gradient.

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15
Q

diffusion is a non-passive process. true or false?

A

false

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16
Q

is a cell membrane selectively permeable

A

yes

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17
Q

if there is a high concentration of water in cells what do they become?

A

turgid

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18
Q

if there is a low concentration of water in cells what do they become?

A

flacid.

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19
Q

define active transport.

A

the active movement of molecules against a concentration gradient

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20
Q

what is the optimum temperature of enzymes in the body?

A

40 degrees celcius

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21
Q

explain lock and key theory.

A

it is where the substrate enters an enzymes active site and is broken down into the product.

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22
Q

what are the factors affecting rates of reaction?

A

tempersture, pH

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23
Q

if you add more enzymes into a solution, will it speed up the rate of reaction?

A

yes

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24
Q

what happens when enzymes denature?

A

the active site warps and becomes unusable

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25
Q

label the parts of the digestive system that food passes through.

A

oesphagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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26
Q

what parts of the digestive system does food not pass through?

A

pancreas, liver, gall bladder.

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27
Q

digestion definition.

A

digestion is the breakdown or large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed.

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28
Q

what does the large intestine do?

A

absorbs water

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29
Q

what does the small intestine do?

A

lipid digestion, starch protein digestion, absorption of small soluble molecules.

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30
Q

what enzymes does the pancreas excret?

A

all, carbohydrase, protease, lipase.

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31
Q

what does carbohydrates break down into/

A

glucose

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32
Q

what does protiens break down into?

A

amino acids

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33
Q

what does lipids break down into?

A

fatty acids and glycerol.

34
Q

why are there villi in the small intestine?

A

more surface area

35
Q

what does iodine test for?

A

starch.

36
Q

what does benidicts test for?

A

glucose

37
Q

what does buriet test for?

A

protien

38
Q

label the parts of the respiration system.

A

trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus

39
Q

how does the alveolus adapt?

A

thin walls to allow oxygen to diffuse out and co2 to dissolve in.

40
Q

what is the test for carbon dioxide and what is the positive result.

A

limewater and it turns milky/cloudy.

41
Q

what is the composition of gases in the air.

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide.

42
Q

aerobic respiration word equation.

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water (+ATP)

43
Q

anerobic respiration word equation.

A

glucose –> lactic acid (+energy)

44
Q

emphysema damages the alveoli. true or false

A

true

45
Q

is nitrogen used in cells?

A

no

46
Q

what absorbs carbon dioxide?

A

potassium hydroxide

47
Q

what does the red blood cell do

A

carrys oxygen

48
Q

what does the white blood cell do

A

defends the body against disease

49
Q

what does a platelet do

A

it helps clot the blood

50
Q

what does the plasma do

A

carries protien and soluable nutrients

51
Q

does a vein have blood flow into the heart or out?

A

in

52
Q

does a artery have blood flow into the heart or out?

A

out

53
Q

order in terms of size, smallest to largest. vein artery capillary

A

capillary vein artery

54
Q

how many cells thick is the capillary

A

one

55
Q

what is CVD

A

cardiovascular disease is where the heart fails to function as normal.

56
Q

what medicine do you use for patients with heart disease

A

statins

57
Q

what is an angioplasty

A

where they insert a mesh cage to keep the vein open

58
Q

how many chambers are there in the heart

A

4

59
Q

what are the top chambers of the heart?

A

atrium

60
Q

what are the bottom chambers of the heart?

A

ventricle

61
Q

photosynthesis word equation

A

water + carbon dioxide (with light energy + chlorophyll) –> glucose + oxygen

62
Q

what is glucose used for in a plant?

A

respiration, conversion to starch for storage and manufacture of cellulose, proteins and oils

63
Q

what are the limiting factors for photosynthesis?

A

light intensity. carbon dioxide concentration, temperature

64
Q

what gives out carbon dioxide for a photosynthesis experiment?

A

sodium hydrocarbonate

65
Q

what are the layers of cells in a leaf?

A

waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade layer, spongy mesophyll, vascular bundle, guard cells and stoma

66
Q

what layer of the leaf contains the most chloroplasts?

A

the palisade layer

67
Q

what does a cell need to be to have the most support available?

A

turgid

68
Q

what cell in a plant contains no chloroplasts?

A

root hair cells

69
Q

what travels in the xylem

A

water

70
Q

what travels in the phloem

A

sugars such as sucrose

71
Q

if guard cells are flaccid does the pore open or close?

A

closes

72
Q

rate of transpiration = distance moved by the bubble / time taken. true or false

A

true

73
Q

what minerals are absorbed by the root hair cells?

A

nitrus oxide, phosphorus oxide, potassium, magnesium

74
Q

when testing leaves for starch, what should you do?

A

boil the leaf in water, boil the leaf in ethanol, wash the leaf and then apply iodine stain

75
Q

what experiment is a potmeter used for?

A

transpiration experiment

76
Q

state three reasons why plants need photosynthesis

A

to remain upright with structure, photosynthesis and respiration

77
Q

what is a use of glucose in plants?

A

respiration, transpiration and conversion to starch for storage

78
Q

name the process where magnesium ions are diffused into the plant.

A

diffusion.

79
Q

describe the cells of a wilting plant

A

flaccid

80
Q

why are stoma found on the bottom of the leaves rather than the top?

A

to allow the easier release of water

science GCSE revision (3 decks)

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