biology

Question 1

who was the first one to describe a cell?

Answer 1

robert hooke

Question 2

what is resolution?

Answer 2

Distinguishing between 2 objects close together

Question 3

what is the role of the cytoplasm?

Answer 3

This is where reactions take place

Question 4

what is the role of the golgi apparatus

Answer 4

packages proteins

Question 5

what is the role of the nucleolus?

Answer 5

makes ribosomes

Question 6

what is the role of the centrioles?

Answer 6

form spindle fibres

Question 7

what is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

synthesises lipids and carbohydrates

Question 8

what is the role of the lysosome

Answer 8

breaks down waste materials

Question 9

If bacteria appear pink under the microscope after gram staining, they are …

Answer 9

gram negative

Question 10

Palisade mesophyll cells contain lots of..

Answer 10

chloroplasts

Question 11

Sperm cells have this in their head to pierce the egg cell

Answer 11

acrosome

Question 12

The outer protective layer of the egg cell is known as the

Answer 12

zona pellucida

Question 13

Squamous epithelial tissue lines the..

Answer 13

alveoli

Question 14

Columnar epithelial tissue lines the..

Answer 14

trachea

Question 15

squamous epithelial cells ….

Answer 15

are 1 cell thick, present in the alveoli and are used for rapid diffusion

Question 16

columnar cells …

Answer 16

have cilia on the surface present in the trachea and have goblet cells

Question 17

Endothelial tissue is found in the…

Answer 17

blood vessels

Question 18

Atheromas can be formed in…

Answer 18

endothelial tissue

Question 19

During muscle contraction, the A band

Answer 19

stays the same length

Question 20

what happens during muscle contraction

Answer 20

actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, the myosin pulls actin
the a band stays the same length the i band and the h zone shorten and the z lines are pulled closer and the sarcomere decreases in size

Question 21

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 21

a cell with a nucleus

Question 22

what is the plasma membrane made of?

Answer 22

phospholipid bilayer

Question 23

what are chromosomes made up of

Answer 23

nucleic acid and proteins

Question 24

what size ribosome do eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 24

80s

Question 25

what size ribosome do prokaryotic cells have?

Answer 25

70s

Question 26

whats the role of the cytoplasm

Answer 26

where all reactions take place

Question 27

what does palisade mesophyll cells contain

Answer 27

chloroplast

Question 28

why does palisade mesophyll contain chloroplast

Answer 28

to help them perform proteinsynthese

Question 29

what is the outer protective layer of the egg cell called?

Answer 29

zona pellucida

Question 30

what do the squamous tissue line?

Answer 30

the alveoli

Question 31

Columnar epithelial tissue lines the ....

Answer 31

the trachea

Question 32

Squamous epithelial cells ...

Answer 32

Are 1 cell thick Present in the alveoli Used for rapid diffusion

Question 33

columnar epithelial cells

Answer 33

Have cilia on the surface Present in the trachea Have goblet cells

Question 34

where is the endothelial tissue found?

Answer 34

blood vessels

Question 35

what is an atheroma?

Answer 35

degeneration of the walls of the arteries caused by accumulated fatty deposits and scar tissue, and leading to restriction of the circulation and a risk of thrombosis.

Question 36

where can atheromas formed?

Answer 36

endothelial tissue

Question 37

what are the similarities | prokaryotic and eukaryotic between?

Answer 37

Cell Wall Cell surface membrane Size of ribosomes Genetic material type

Question 38

what happens to the a band during muscle contraction?

Answer 38

stays the same

Question 39

what happens to the h zone during muscle contraction?

Answer 39

get shorter

Question 40

what happens to the i band during muscle contraction

Answer 40

gets shorter

Question 41

what is myosin and actin?

Answer 41

type of a muscle filament

Question 42

what happens during depolarization?

Answer 42

sodium channels open to allow sodium to flow in

Question 43

what happens repolarization?

Answer 43

Potassium channels open to allow potassium out

Question 44

What is the refractory period?

Answer 44

Sodium channels are inactive

Question 45

what the definition of temporal summation?

Answer 45

when two impulses are sent in quick succession from the same presynaptic neuron

Question 46

The definition of a spatial summation is?

Answer 46

when impulses from different presynaptic neurons that synapse on the same postsynaptic neuron add together

Question 47

Excitatory neurotransmitters make

Answer 47

the membrane potential move towards from the threshold

Question 48

Inhibitory neurotransmitters make

Answer 48

The membrane potential move away from the threshold

Question 49

how is a red blood cell specialised to its role?

Answer 49

they have no nucleus or other organelles so there is more room for hemoglobin which is a protein that carries oxygen they are also small round and have biconcave discs, this optimises their surface area to volume ratio. this allows more oxygen and co2 to diffuse into the hemoglobin, the size also helps them move around through narrow vessels. having no nucleus means that they cannot divide.

Question 50

whats a biconcave?

Answer 50

the dip in the structure of the red blood cell

Question 51

where are red blood cells made?

Answer 51

bone marrow

Question 52

what does a white blood cell have

Answer 52

a large nucleus t and b cells and an immunology memory

Question 53

where are the white blood cells made?

Answer 53

bone marrow and the lymph nodes

Question 54

what is the function of the white blood cells?

Answer 54

fight the pathogens

Question 55

what is the process of the t and b cells?

Answer 55

the T cells send signals to B cells, and the B cells produce antibodies and some become memory cells the t cells then destroys the cancerous and infectious cells

Question 56

what does COPD stand for?

Answer 56

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 57

what are the two types of COPD?

Answer 57

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 58

whats the structure of squamous cells?

Answer 58

they are very flat with egg shaped nuclei

Question 59

what are squamous cells good for?

Answer 59

rapid diffusion

Question 60

why do ciliated columnar cells have many mitochondria?

Answer 60

so the cilli can get rid of pathogens goblet cells release sticky mucus onto the outer surface of the epithelium

Question 61

when do blood clots form?

Answer 61

when there is damage to the inside of the blood vessel

Question 62

is the endothelium in arteries thick or thin?

Answer 62

thick - this is because endothelium reduces friction and allows for smooth flow of the blood. damaged blood cells cause blood vessels to constrict

Question 63

is the endothelium in capillaries thick or thin?

Answer 63

thin, only a single layer - this helps easy exchange of nutrients and oxygen into the tissues and the removal of waste products

Question 64

what is atherosclerosis?

Answer 64

this is the disease process that leads to coronary diseases and strokes. fatty deposits (atheroma) can either block an artery directly or increase the chance of being blocked by a blood clot (thrombosis). Fatty products can also produce plaque (also known as an atheroma) which build up on the walls of arteries which reduce the lumens diameter and eventually block the artery completely