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biology Flashcards

1
Q

The majority of energy in an ecosystem is lost due to
A. Conversion into biomass
B. Hunting for prey
C. Energy consumption
D. Heat loss
E. Sexual reproduction

A

heat loss

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2
Q

what is a vestigial structure

A

a stucture that no longer has a function but may have in history (appendix)

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3
Q

pancreas is responsible for…
spleen is respnsible for …

A

fuel
blood

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4
Q

The blood vessels in the body that carry the largest pressure are
A. Capillaries
B. Veins
C. Arterioles
D. Venules
E. Arteries

A

E arteries

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5
Q

R selected species vs K selected species

A

R produces quickly K produces more slowly and usually puts more time to nurturing their young

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6
Q

What is the correct order of stages in pre-embryonic development?
A. Cleavage, zygote, blastocyst, morula, implantation
B. Cleavage, zygote, morula, blastocyst, implantation
C. Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst, implantation
D. Zygote, cleavage, blastocyst, morula, implantation
E. Zygote, morula, blastocyst, implantation, cleavage

A

C. Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst, implantation

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7
Q

in a plant….
what transports H2o and minerals?
what transports nutrients?

A
  1. xylem
  2. phloem
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8
Q

what is stored in bone?

A

phosphorus and calcium

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9
Q

parathyroid does what to calcium

A

increases

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10
Q

what does calcitonin do

A

it decreases bone reabsorption when ca is too high

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11
Q

what is Parthenogenesis

A

asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization.

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12
Q

what is amphimixis

A

(fertilization)sexual reproduction involving the fusion of two different gametes to form a zygote.

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13
Q

what is Epimorphosis

A

regeneration of a part or organism involving extensive cell proliferation followed by differentiation

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14
Q

what muscle cells can be mulitnucleated

A

heart can have 2 and skeletal can have a few

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15
Q

what muscle cells are striated

A

skeletal and cardiac

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16
Q

what is the cortical reaction

A

it is a reaction that occurs when an egg gets fertilized by a single sperm. Cortical granules from the inside the cell come out to form a fertilization membrane

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17
Q

what is the job of the loop of henly

A

it controls concentration. longer loop means more concentration, shorter means lower concentration

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18
Q

what is the difference in a shorter vs longer loop of henly

A

longer means more concentration in urine the shorter means lower concentration in urine

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19
Q

what is topoisomerase?

A

it is an enzyme used to unwind DNA for replication

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20
Q

how many bonds does g-c have and a-t have

A

g-c has 3 a-t has 2

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21
Q

The extinction of certain species can disturb an ecosystem and lead other organisms to be harmed. Which of the following organisms would have the most significant impact on an ecosystem upon removal?
A. Predator
B. Primary consumer
C. Competitor
D. Keystone species
E. Umbrella species

A

keystone

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22
Q

what is the product of fermentation in yeast plants bacteria?, what about in muscles?

A

ethanol, lactic acid

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23
Q

whats a zymogen

A

it is a precursor to an enzyme

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24
Q

where does the ultimate source of energy come from

A

the sun

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25
Q

What bonds form a water molecule

A

Glycosidic bonds and phosphodiester linkages

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26
Q

what does the test SDS-PAGE used for

A

is used to separate and characterize protein

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27
Q

what does the test Gel electrophoresis used for

A

separate fragments by mass

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28
Q

whats the differences of holoenzyme vs apoenzyme

A

holoenzyme is cofactor plus enzyme apoenzyme is enzyme with no cofactor

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29
Q

purines consist of how manu rings?
pyrimadines consist of how many rings?

A

2 rings , 1 ring

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30
Q

RNA doesnt have the nucleotide ______ but has the nucleotide _____

A

T , U

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31
Q

during cytokenisis animals cells form a _____ and plants form a ____

A

cleavage furrow, cell plate

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32
Q

what is an operon

A

it is a part of the gene that controls transcription

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33
Q

what is the difference of transduction and transformation

A

transduction is when dna is introduces to the genome due to virus while transformation is when bacteria takes DNA from surroundings

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34
Q

what is binary fission

A

it is how bacteria replicates basically creates clone

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35
Q

what is conjugation

A

it is when a donor bacteria donates its plasmid via a bridge called a pilus

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36
Q

what is miRNA

A

they block transcription or they degrade the rna sequence

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37
Q

what is siRNA

A

they block transcription or they degrade the rna sequence

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38
Q

tightly packed histones are the result of __________ of the histones and (prevents/allows) transcription

A

methylation prevents

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39
Q

loosly packed histones are the result of __________ of the histones and (prevents/allows) transcription

A

acetylation

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40
Q

what happens if DNA is methylated

A

it lowers expression

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41
Q

what is budding

A

it is when a piece of the organism falls off and becomes a clone think plant

42
Q

what are seritoli cells and what hormone stimulates itq

A

they nurture sperm, fsh

43
Q

what does inhibin do?

A

it inhibits fsh

44
Q

Where is the location where sperm matures

A

Epididymis

45
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

it attached the epididymis to the urethra

46
Q

explain the where sperm starts and where it ends up

A

SEVEn UP, seminiferous tubules, epididimus, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis

47
Q

what is the graffian follicle

A

the egg that pops out the ovary

48
Q

what are homeotic genes

A

they are genes that can turn of and on other genes that play a role in development

49
Q

the notochord stems from the ________

A

mesoderm

50
Q

what is ovuliparitiy

A

external fertilization

51
Q

what are c cells

A

they are parathyroid cells

52
Q

what hormones come from anterior pituitary

A

FLAT PiG FSH,LH,Adrenicotropin hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone

53
Q

what hormones come from posterior pituitary

A

vasopressin (aka ADH), oxytocin

54
Q

What happens to an oxygen dissociation curve for a person with carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

it shifts to the left

55
Q

what stage in development does the ebryo have 3 germ layers

A

gastrula

56
Q

In organisms such as birds and reptiles, the yolk sac contains nourishing yolk. However, in humans the yolk sac serves a different purpose. Which of the following is its purpose in humans

A

red blood cell synthesis

57
Q

thin filaments are formed by
thick filiments are formed by

A

actin, myosin

58
Q
A
  1. stamin
  2. filament
  3. stigma
  4. style
  5. pistil
  6. receptacle
59
Q

What process is involved in polymerase chain reaction?

DNA_____________

A

replication

60
Q
  • what triggers menstration
  • what triggers the egg to release from the follicle
A
  • low levels of estrogen and progesteron
  • high estrogen & LH
61
Q

what is modern cell theory?

A

All cells have the same basic chemical composition

62
Q

what bonds are in dna

A

hydrogen, vanderwall, phosphodiester, covalent bonds

63
Q

a peptide bond forms ______

A

water

64
Q

Which of the following is associated with eukaryotic plasma membranes but NOT found in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes?

A

steriods

65
Q

what is Anagenesis

A

The process of creating a new species with new traits over time (the original species no longer exists)

66
Q

what is cladogenesis

A

when the a species is created from another species and the other species continues to exist

67
Q
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • rRNA

where are they made and what do they do

A
  • tRNA
    • made in the nucleus
    • transfers amino acids to ribosomes
  • mRNA
    • made in the nucleus
    • convey genetic information to ribosomes
  • rRNA
    • used to make ribosomes
    • nucleoulus
68
Q

what innervates the Sinoatrial node and decreases heart rate?

what innervates the Sinoatrial node and increases heart rate?

A

parasympathetic vagus nerve

sympathetic vagus nerve

69
Q

What graphical representation shows the accumulation of biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

A. Food web

B. Food pyramid

C. Ecological pyramid

D. Food chain

A

C. Ecological pyramid

70
Q

what is the correct order of the taxonomy ranks

A

think king philip comes over for great socializations

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

71
Q

what secretes pepsin and what does it do ?

what secretes trypsin and what does it do ?

A
  • Pepsin
    • secreted by the stomach
    • cleaves peptide chains
  • trypsin
    • secreted by the pancreas
    • cleaves peptide chains
72
Q

what are Hemidesmosome

A

they help adhesion to the basement membrane

73
Q

what are things that keep cells connected together

A

adherens, desmosomes, tight junction, gap junctions

74
Q

name examples of deuterostome

A

echinoderm

chordata

75
Q

in distilled water a cell _______

in deionized water a cell ______

A

swells with water

shrinks

76
Q

what are the organelle that eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells have

A
  1. ribosomes
  2. cytoplasm
  3. plasma membrane
77
Q

where are Cilia, microvilli, pili found?

A
  • Cilia
    • found in the respiratory
  • microvilli
    • stomach
  • pili
    • on bacteria
78
Q

Which of the following has the least direct effect on the SA node of the heart?

A. Autonomic nervous system

B. Peripheral nervous system

C. Sympathetic nervous system

D. Parasympathetic nervous system

E. Central nervous system

A

E. Central nervous system

79
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system comprised of

A

somatic

80
Q
A
81
Q
A
82
Q

Which of the following events is found in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

A. Separating of sister chromatids

B. Cytokinesis

C. Condensing of chromosomes

D. Attachment of microtubules

E. Homologous chromosomes pairing

A

E. Homologous chromosomes pairing

83
Q

yeast is a fungi and is (eukaryotic/prokaryotic)

A

eukaryotic

84
Q

what is Commensalism

A

when a species uses another but the species it is using does not benefit or gets harmed

85
Q

what is parallel evolution

A

it is when two species live in different areas but developed simular traits

86
Q
  • what are the two hormones that have to do with water
  • what do they do
  • where do they come from
A
  • ADH
    • posterior pituitary
    • increases aquaporins to increase water in the blood
  • aldosterone
    • adrenal cortex
    • increases Na+ reabsorption so water follows
87
Q

what is hardy weinburgs assumptions for his law

A
  1. No mutation
  2. Random mating
  3. No gene flow
  4. Very large population size
  5. No natural selection
88
Q

A child pricks his finger with a thorn which breaks into the dermis layer of the skin. Which of the following can be found in this layer with the most abundance?

A. Connective tissue

B. Striated tissue

C. Nervous tissue

D. Muscular tissue

E. Epithelial tissue

A

A. Connective tissue

89
Q

At which stage of meiosis does synapsis occur?

A. Prophase I

B. Prophase II

C. Metaphase I

D. Metaphase II

E. Anaphase II

A

A. prophase I

90
Q

what is monera?

A

it is a kindom that has single celled organisms, like bacteria archae

91
Q

difference between ….

  • microfilaments
    • made of:
    • function:
  • intermediate filaments
    • made of:
    • fuction:
  • microtubules
    • made of:
    • function:
A
  • microfilaments
    • made of: actin
    • function: movement
  • intermediate filaments
    • made of: of different proteins
    • function: helps keep shape of cell
  • microtubules
    • made of: tubulin
    • function:intracellular movement
92
Q
  • fungi are (haploid/diploid)
  • Gymnosperms are (haploid/diploid)
  • Anthophyta are (haploid/diploid)

BTW… What are

Gymnosperms &

Anthophyta

A
  • fungi : diploid
  • Gymnosperms: diploid
  • Anthophyta: diploid

Gymnosperms &

Anthophyta are plants

93
Q

Connect their counter parts

  • RNA polymerase I
  • RNA polymerase II
  • DNA polymerase III
  • Reverse transcription
  • DNA>complimentary DNA
  • makes rRNA
  • DNA>mRNA
  • RNA>DNA
A
  • RNA polymerase I
    • make rRNA
  • RNA polymerase II
    • DNA>mRNA
  • DNA polymerase III
    • DNA>complimentary DNA
  • Reverse transcription
    • RNA>DNA
94
Q

what is biological magnification

A

it is when toxins build up in an environment

95
Q

Suppose a biologist discovers a red coloured spider in a species of spider that is normally black in colour. The biologist generates pure breeding lines of both the black and red spiders. In the F1 cross, all the progeny are red in colour. If a single gene determines the colour of these spiders and you performed a testcross, which of the following would be the expected proportion of the spider colour forms?

A. 1/4 red : 3/4 black

B. 1/2 red : 1/2 black

C. 3/4 red : 1/4 black

D. All black

E. All red

A

B. 1/2 red : 1/2 black

96
Q

Photosynthesis can be best described by which type of reaction

A

endogernic reaction

97
Q

During embryonic development, what structure is implanted within the uterus

A

blastocyte

98
Q

sperm flagellum is made of _______

A

tubulin

99
Q

what are ….

Ligase

Catalase

Exonuclease

A

Ligase

  • puts dna back together

Catalase

  • breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water

Exonuclease

  • it breaks DNA into smaller fragments
100
Q

what are diploid and what are haploid

  • sporocytes
  • gametophyte
  • spores
  • zygote
  • gametes
A
  • sporocytes
    • diploid
  • gametophyte
    • haploid
  • spores
    • haploid
  • zygote
    • diploid
  • gametes
    • haploid
101
Q

Biological cells use processes such as Krebs cycle to produce ATP despite the energy of the universe being constant. Which of the following processes balance the law of conservation?

A. Decrease in enzyme activity

B. Decrease in environmental oxygen

C. Increase Krebs cycle activity

D. Cell metabolism

E. Increasing activation energy of enzymes

A

D. Cell metabolism

it creates energy but is used by cell metabolism

102
Q

Erythroblastosis fatalis is a hemolysis disease of a newborn caused by what

A

RH - blood of mother reacting to the RH + blood of the baby

OAT (4 decks)

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