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work > biology 😵‍💫‼️ > Flashcards

biology 😵‍💫‼️ Flashcards

1
Q

what is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon+water -> oxygen+glucose

dioxide

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2
Q

what is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

A

To trap light energy

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3
Q

what are the two major limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

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4
Q

which factor controls the reaction of photosynthesis?

A

Enzymes

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5
Q

Name the function of the upper epidermis how does it help plant

A

Transparent protective covering It helps protect the leaf by aiding in preventing water loss and providing an extra layer between the outside and inside of the leaf.

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6
Q

what are the functions of the xylem vessels and why is it important ?

A

To transport water , nutrients and dissolved ions from the roots to the leaves Xylem plays an essential ‘supporting’ role providing strength to tissues and organs, to maintain plant architecture and resistance to bending.

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7
Q

what are the functions of the Phloem vessels and why is it important?

A

transport sugars around the plant (from source to sink). The xylem and the phloem make up the vascular tissue of a plant and transports water, sugars, and other important substances around a plant.

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8
Q

What are the functions of the guard cells and why is it important?

A

Control the opening + closing of the stomata

The size of the stomatal opening is used by the plant to control the rate of transpiration and therefore limit the levels of water loss from the leaf. This helps to stop the plant from wilting .

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9
Q

What are the functions of the waxy cuticles and why is it important?

A

the waterproof layer prevents water loss

They can also reduce the rate of transpiration by blocking air flow across the leaf surface.

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10
Q

what are the functions of the palisade mesophyll and why is it important?

A

The palisade mesophyll layer of the leaf is adapted to absorb light efficiently.

Packed with chloroplasts for maximum photosynthesis

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11
Q

What is the structure of the spongy mesophyll why is it important?

A

Gas exchange- many air spaces allows for larger surface area to exchange CO2 and O2 with atmosphere

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12
Q

What is the structure of the lower epidermis why is it important?

A

transparent protective covering
The lower epidermis helps in the absorption of the sunlight. The lower epidermis also prevents the unnecessary vaporization.

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13
Q

what is the plant tissue that has a transparent protective covering It helps protect the leaf by aiding in preventing water loss and providing an extra layer between the outside and inside of the leaf

A

Upper epidermis

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14
Q

What plant tissue transports water and dissolved ions from the roots to the leaves ?

A

Xylem vessels

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15
Q

What plant tissue transports sugars around the plant ?

A

Phloem vessels

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16
Q

what plant tissue controls the opening and closing of the stomata ?

A

Guard Cells

17
Q

what plant tissue has a waterproof layer that prevents water loss?

A

Waxy cuticle

18
Q

What plant tissue is packed with chloroplasts for maximum photosynthesis?

A

Palisade mesophyll

19
Q

What plant tissue has many air spaces that a has a large surface area for gas exchange?

A

Spongy mesophyll

20
Q

What plant tissue has a transparent protective covering?

A

Lower epidermis

21
Q

What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis and what are the products of photosynthesis ?

A

The raw materials of photosynthesis is water and carbon dioxide they enter the cells of the leaf, and the products of photosynthesis is sugar and oxygen they leave the leaf.

22
Q

What do roots absorb and how ?

A

Roots absorb water by the hair root cells.

23
Q

where does photosynthesis take place ?

A

Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves.

24
Q

what are the products of photosynthesis?

A

oxygen and glucose

25
Q

how are roots adapted to their function ?

A

Roots are adapted to take in water and ions, the roots have a type of cell called hair root cells they have a large surface area to speed up osmosis

26
Q

name the different layers in a leaf.

A 
upper epidermis 
waxy cuticle 
cell wall 
chloroplast
palisade mesophyll 
spongy mesophyll 
lower epidermis 
stoma 
guard cell 
phloem vessels 
xylem vessels
27
Q

what is glucose stored as ?

A

glucose is stored as starch

when plants make sugar for fuel and energy some of it is stored as starch

28
Q

How do you use iodine to investigate photosynthesis

A
  • Take the leaf you are testing and put it into a beaker is boiling water
  • Leave it for about 1 min
  • remove the leaf from the water and put it into a test tube of ethanol.
  • Stand the test tube in the hot water (the hot/boiling ethanol dissolves the chlorophyll and removes green colour from the leaf)
  • remove the leaf and put it into a beaker of water to wash ethanol off
  • spread the leaf on a white tile and cover the leaf with iodine solution - only few drops
  • a blue - black colour indicates the presence of starch
29
Q

what is biomass?

A

biomass is the total amount of living material (except water) in an organism

30
Q

how is biomass made / produced

A

Plants produce biomass through photosynthesis, green plants convert glucose made in the process of photosynthesis into biomass

31
Q

what is the equation for respiration

A

oxygen +glucose -> water + cd

32
Q

What are the differences between respiration and photosynthesis

A

photosynthesis only happens in sunlight while respiration happens constantly
respiration uses glucose and oxygen whereas photosynthesis produces it

33
Q

how are leaves adapted for photosynthesis

A

Leaves have a large surface area so more light hits them. The upper epidermis of the leaf is transparent, allowing light to enter the leaf. The palisade cells contain many chloroplasts which allow light to be converted into energy by the leaf. The leaf also has air spaces which allow better diffusion of carbon dioxide into the leaf.

34
Q

How are root cells adapted to adsorb water

A

Root hair cells are adapted for taking up water and mineral ions by having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption. They also contain lots of mitochondria , which release energy from glucose during respiration in order to provide the energy needed for active transport.

35
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Transpiration is the loss of water from a plant in the form of water vapor. Water is absorbed by roots from the soil and transported as a liquid to the leaves via xylem. In the leaves, small pores allow water to escape as a vapor.

36
Q

what are the similarities and differences of photosynthesis and respiration

A

Some differences between photosynthesis and respiration are that photosynthesis only happens in sunlight while respiration happens constantly and that photosynthesis releases oxygen while respiration uses it. Some similarities between the two are that both produce energy and involve the exchange of gases.

37
Q

How do you measure the rate of photosynthesis

A

what you need : beaker , pondweed , lamp , ruler

method : place the beaker of water 10cm away from the lamp , then put the pond weed in for the same amount of time each time you do the experiment (for this example leave the pondweed in for 2min) then count the bubbles. Then move it 10cm further back and continue to do the experiment till you reach 50cm and record the bubbles. Repeat the whole experiment 2 time , in total you should have 3 sets of data, then you can find the mean of each result and work out how the rate of photosynthesis is effected

38
Q

Why is glucose stored as starch

A

Glucose is stored a starch because glucose is soluble and starch is insoluble

39
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide enters through the stomata on the underside of the leaf.

Water is absorbed by the root hair cells and is transported to the leaf by the xylem vessels.

Sunlight provides the energy needed for photosynthesis to take place. In this process carbon dioxide and water are converted into oxygen (a waste product that is released back into the air) and glucose (the source of energy for the plant).

Oxygen is released through the stomata on the underside of the leaf; glucose is transported around the plant in the phloem vessels.

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