Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Combined Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How can we see cells?

A

through a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the unit for measuring cells?

A

micrometres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how to calculate magnification of an image?

A

magnification= size of image/real size of image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the maximum magnification of a light microscope

A

x1500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what cells are within an animal cell?

A

ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does mitochondria do?

A

aerobic respiration takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the cell membrane do?

A

controls what goes in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the cells that are found in a plant cell but not an animal cell?

A

chloroplasts, vacuole and cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the cell wall

A

made from cellulose which holds the shape of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is chloroplast?

A

holds a green pigment called chlorophyll which allows photosynthesis to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a prokaryotic cell?

A

a cell that does not contain a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell?

A

a cell that does contain a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what structures are within DNA?

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the codes for DNA?

A

genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is mitosis?

A

the division of a parent cell into two genetically identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name all the phases in mitosis order

A

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are stem cells?

A

cells that have not gone under differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is differentiation?

A

unspecialised cells becoming specialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are embryonic stem cells?

A

a type of cell found in the embryo that can develop into any type of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are adult stem cells?

A

found in adults in specific locations, but can differentiate into a limited amount of cells, can be found in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does a palisade mesophyll do?

A

carry out photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does spongy mesophyll do>

A

allows gas exchange in the leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

problem with embryonic stem cells?

A

ethical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a meristem?

A

a plant cell that can replicate and produce cells at a fast rate- asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is a bone marrow transplant?

A

when stem cells in the bone marrow are transferred from a donor to a patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is therapeutic cloning?

A

stem cells are produced by a patient to replace the specialised cells they have lost.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how can the rate of diffusion be affected?

A

concentration gradient, temperature and surface area of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is osmosis?

A

area of high water concentration to low water concentration through a partially permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how to calculate change in mass

A

change in mass= mass at end-mass at start/ mass at start x 100

30
Q

what is active transport?

A

movement of molecules from low to high water concentrations, and move against the concentration gradient

31
Q

levels of organ system:

A

organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

32
Q

what do carbohydrates do?

A

source of energy

33
Q

what do lipids do?

A

make up part of cell membrane

34
Q

what do proteins do?

A

growth and repair

35
Q

what is a metabolism?

A

all the reactions of a smell

36
Q

what are the regions in the digestive system?

A

mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine

37
Q

what breaks down the food?

A

digestive enzymes

38
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

speeds up reactions

39
Q

carbohydrates–>

A

simple sugars through carbohydrase

40
Q

protein–>

A

amino acids through protease

41
Q

lipid—->

A

fatty acids +glycerol through lipase

42
Q

what muscles are the made made out of ?

A

cardiac muscles

43
Q

blood enters the heart through…

A

atria

44
Q

the blood enters from the vena cava to

A

the right atrium

45
Q

what acts as a natural pacemaker

A

specialised cells

46
Q

blood is transported in:

A

arteries, capillaries and veins

47
Q

ateries have a high amount of

A

pressure

48
Q

capillaries have a high amount of

A

pressure

49
Q

types of blood cells:

A

red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

50
Q

what do white white blood cells contain:

A

phagocytes, engulfs pathogens and infections. Lymphocytes which produce antibodies when a microorganism enters the body.

51
Q

what causes coronary heart disease?

A

a build up of fatty plaque that reduces blood flow

52
Q

what two ways can treat cardiovascular disease?

A

stents and statins

53
Q

what does the xylem do?

A

transport minerals and water

54
Q

what does phloem do?

A

transports sugars and amino acids

55
Q

what is transpiration?

A

loss of water due to evaporation in the stomata

56
Q

what is translocation?

A

transport of dissolved materials

57
Q

name the 4 types of pathogens:

A

virus, bacteria, protists, fungi

58
Q

ways of transmitting pathogens:

A

direct contact, air, water, vectors and food

59
Q

what is a communicable disease?

A

a disease caused by pathogens

60
Q

what is a non-communicable disease?

A

a disease not transferred between people

61
Q

what is a vaccine?

A

a dead or altered pathogen injected in you to fight it and create antibodies

62
Q

what do anibiotics stop?

A

the growth of bacteria

63
Q

what do painkillers stop?

A

relieves the symptoms but does not kill the pathogen

64
Q

what is the photosynthesis equation?

A

carbon dioxide + water—-> oxygen + glucose

65
Q

what type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

endothermic

66
Q

what is endothermic?

A

energy taken in

67
Q

what factors affect photosynthesis?

A

light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

68
Q

what type of reaction is respiration?

A

exothermic

69
Q

aerobic respiration equation?

A

glucose +oxygen—-> carbon dioxide + water

70
Q

what are both anaerobic respiration equations for plant and animal?

A

plant- glucose—->carbon dioxide + ethanol

animal- glucose—> lactic acid

Combined Science (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions