Biology

Question 1

What are the 3 sub units of a DNA nucleotide?

Answer 1

Deoxyribose, phosphate and nitrogen.

Question 2

What is an allele?

Answer 2

Different forms of the same gene located at the same place on the homologous

Question 3

What is a phenotype? Example

Answer 3

Observable characteristics carried by an individual. Height

Question 4

What is a genotype? Example

Answer 4

Genetic information carried by an individual. Eye colour.

Question 5

What is a diploid?

Answer 5

A cell that contains all 46 chromosomes.

Question 6

What is a haploid? Where can it be found?

Answer 6

A haploid is a cell containing 23 chromosomes, located in gametes, sex cells.

Question 7

What is complimentary base pairing?

Answer 7

The correct arrangement of bases in nucleotides.

Question 8

What bases pair with each other?

Answer 8

Adenine-Thymine and Guanine-Cytosine

Question 9

What are a males and females sex chromosomes?

Answer 9

Male: XY Female: XX

Question 10

What are homologous chromosomes

Answer 10

Chromosomes paired from the mother and father.

Question 11

What are the alleles of someone with sickle cell ammonia (s) recessive?

Answer 11

ss

Question 12

What happens to someone with cystic fibrosis?

Answer 12

Mutations of the CFTR membrane.

Question 13

What 3 things does the circulatory system include?

Answer 13

Heart, blood vessels, blood.

Question 14

How many chambers does the heart have? List.

Answer 14

4 Chambers, left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle and right ventricle.

Question 15

What is the function of the right side of the heart?

Answer 15

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs so it can get oxygen.

Question 16

What is the function of the left side of the heart?

Answer 16

Receives blood from the pulmonary artery from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body through the aortic valve.

Question 17

Describe wall/lumen sizes of arteries, veins and capillary’s.

Answer 17

Arteries have thick walls but small lumen sizes, veins have thinner walls but larger sizes of lumen. Capillary’s have much smaller lumen and wall sizes as they are barely visible.

Question 18

What is the trachea? Why is it important?

Answer 18

The trachea is the windpipe which allows oxygen into the body and CO2 out of the body.

Question 19

What is a karyotype? What do they show?

Answer 19

A close up photo of chromosomes, they show the size, shape and number of chromosomes.

Question 20

What is mutation? What causes it?

Answer 20

Mutation is the change of genetic code due to the insertion of a base, deletion of a base or the alteration of base order. Mutagens cause it.

Question 21

What are the alleles/phenotype/genotype percentages of Bb mating with bb?

Answer 21

50% Black phenotype/genotype heterozygous dominant. 50% White phenotype/genotype homozygous recessive.

Question 22

What is adaptation?

Answer 22

the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

Question 23

What are the 3 types of adaptation? Example.

Answer 23

• Behavioural adaptation- Migration and hibernation.
• Physiological adaptation- temperature regulations and release of toxins.
• Structural adaptation- Giraffe’s long neck and Beaver’s long teeth.

Question 24

Define each adaptation.

Answer 24

Behavioural- Things animals do to survive. Physiological- Benefits organism in it’s environment.
Structural- Physical features equipped to better enhance animals.

Question 25

What is artificial selection?

Answer 25

Human chosen breeding of animals to get the best phenotypic traits.

Question 26

What is mutation?

Answer 26

Base alteration, insertion or deletion caused by mutagens.

Question 27

What is natural selection?

Answer 27

Species that are well adapted outlast other not so well adapted species.

Question 28

What is evolution?

Answer 28

Living organisms that have developed over time into what they are today.

Question 29

What theory did Charles Darwin propose?

Answer 29

Biological evolution by natural selection.

Question 30

What is physical pollution? Examples

Answer 30

Pollution of suspended solids like plastic and rubbish.

Question 31

What is Chemical pollution? Examples

Answer 31

When chemicals from human activity enter the environment like paint or petrol.

Question 32

What is agricultural pollution? Examples

Answer 32

Past farm products, no longer of use therefore they pollute the environment like pesticides or fertiliser.

Question 33

What is Biological Pollution? Examples

Answer 33

Biological pollution is the result of human actions on the quality of the environment like wastewater and landfill.

Question 34

What does BOD stand for and what does it mean?

Answer 34

Biological oxygen demand is the level of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms in water.

Question 35

What is DO?

Answer 35

DO- dissolved oxygen is the amount of oxygen in

water.

Question 36

What is air pollution? Examples

Answer 36

The products like CO2, O3 and NO2 entering the air, usually from tractors, cars, trucks, factories and flatulencies.

Question 37

What is mitosis?

Answer 37

Cell division resulting in two daughter cells, with same chromosomes as parent nucleus.

Question 38

What is meiosis?

Answer 38

Cell division that produces gametes.

Question 39

How many chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 39

46.

Question 40

What are the 22 of the 2 pairs of 23 called?

Answer 40

Autosomes.

Question 41

What is the 23rd pair called?

Answer 41

Gametes, sex cells.