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Science 10 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Light Microscope

A

Uses a light source and a system of one or more curved lenses to magnify an image

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2
Q

Electron Microscope

A

Uses a beam of electrons rather than light to produce an image

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3
Q

Simple Microsope

A

Consists of single lens

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4
Q

Compound Microscope

A

Consists of two or more lenses. Has a source to magnify objects

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5
Q

How to calculate Magnification

A

(Power of Ocular Lens) x (Power of Objective Lens)

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6
Q

How to convert a LARGER unit to a SMALLER unit?

A

add a zero on the right or move the decimal to the right

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7
Q

How to convert a SMALLER unit to a LARGER unit?

A

add a zero on the left or move the decimal to the left

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8
Q

Field of View

A

the entire area that you see when you look through the microscope

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9
Q

3 things when drawing a specimen

A
  • Needs to be accurate as possible
  • Neat and Label
  • Scale MUST be identified
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10
Q

Contrast

A

Difference in the amount of light absorbed by two objects

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11
Q

Resolution

A

Distinguish between two structures that are very close together

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12
Q

2 Types of Electron Microscopes?

A

Transmission and Scanning

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13
Q

Controlled Variable

A

Constant throughout the experiment

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14
Q

Manipulated Variable

A

Changed in the experiment (independent)

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15
Q

Responding Variable

A

Change in response to the manipulated variable (dependent)

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16
Q

What is Spontaneous Generation?

A

Idea that life could emerge from non-living matter

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17
Q

Cells are considered to be ___

A

An open system

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18
Q

Animal Cells

A

Come in many shapes and sizes, don’t have a cell wall or chloroplast

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19
Q

Plant Cells

A

Tend to be cubes or prisms. Have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose and have green chloroplasts

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20
Q

What are the 3 modern cell theories?

A

-All living things are made up of one or more cells
-Cell is the smallest unit of life
(Schleiden & Schwann)
-All cells are produced from other cells by cellular division
(Virchow)

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21
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Protective Barrier of the Cell and responsible for the transport of substances into and out of the cell

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22
Q

Nucleus

A

Directs all cellular activities

23
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel-Like Substance where streaming occurs

24
Q

Lysosomes

A

Sacs containing digestive enzymes

25
Q

Vacuoles and Vesicles

A

Storage site for water and nutrients

26
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of cellular respiration where chemical energy in sugars in converted to energy the cell can use

27
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Site of Lipid Production

28
Q

Ribosomes

A

Granules that assemble proteins

29
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Receives cell products and ships them out

30
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

31
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid frame made from starch that provides strength and support

32
Q

What are the 4 Main points of the particle model of matter?

A

1: All matter is made up of particles
2: Constantly moving or vibrating.
3: Attracted or bonded together
4: have spaces between them. (smallest in solids and greatest in gases)

33
Q

What are the 2 types of transport across the cell membrane?

A

Passive and Active

34
Q

Passive Transport

A

Doesn’t require energy to transport particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

35
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive…

Movement of particles from are of high concentration to an area of low concentration

36
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from high water concentration to low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

37
Q

What are the 3 possible solution concentration?

A

Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic

38
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Only the substances that are soluble in lipids can pass through the lipid bilayer by diffusion

39
Q

Channel Proteins

A

A pore or channel through which small water soluble particles can pass through

40
Q

Carrier Proteins

A

Attaches to a large molecule then physically changes shape in order to move the molecule across the cell membrane. Once the molecule has moved, the protein returns to it’s original shape

41
Q

Active Transport

A

Movement of molecules or ions from an area of low concentration to high concentration: energy is needed

42
Q

What do carrier proteins to in active transport?

A

Work as a pump to move molecules or ions across the membrane

43
Q

What are the 2 types of active transport?

A

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

44
Q

Endocytosis

A

Particles brought into the cell by folding in of the cell membrane to form a vacuole or vesicle

45
Q

What does Endocytosis do?

A

Intake of food particles

46
Q

Exocytosis

A

A vesicle fuses with the cell membrane then ruptures to release it’s contents outside of the cell

47
Q

What does Exocytosis do?

A

Secrete large waste particles or secretory products

48
Q

What does size involve with to the cell?

A

Affect the efficiency of transport and materials in and out of the cell

49
Q

If a cell becomes ____ and its volume ____

A

Larger, Increases

50
Q

Having Cells Allows For:

A

1) Division of Labour
2) Increase in size
3) Interdependence

51
Q

Multicellular Organisms follow a specific organization

A
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ Systems
52
Q

Shoot System

A

Everything above ground (stem, leaves, buds, flowers, fruit & tubers)

53
Q

Root System

A

Everything below ground. Some plants have aerial roots (roots that appear above ground)

Science 10 (3 decks)

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