Biology

Question 1

Light Microscope

Answer 1

Uses a light source and a system of one or more curved lenses to magnify an image

Question 2

Electron Microscope

Answer 2

Uses a beam of electrons rather than light to produce an image

Question 3

Simple Microsope

Answer 3

Consists of single lens

Question 4

Compound Microscope

Answer 4

Consists of two or more lenses. Has a source to magnify objects

Question 5

How to calculate Magnification

Answer 5

(Power of Ocular Lens) x (Power of Objective Lens)

Question 6

How to convert a LARGER unit to a SMALLER unit?

Answer 6

add a zero on the right or move the decimal to the right

Question 7

How to convert a SMALLER unit to a LARGER unit?

Answer 7

add a zero on the left or move the decimal to the left

Question 8

Field of View

Answer 8

the entire area that you see when you look through the microscope

Question 9

3 things when drawing a specimen

Answer 9

• Needs to be accurate as possible
• Neat and Label
• Scale MUST be identified

Question 10

Contrast

Answer 10

Difference in the amount of light absorbed by two objects

Question 11

Resolution

Answer 11

Distinguish between two structures that are very close together

Question 12

2 Types of Electron Microscopes?

Answer 12

Transmission and Scanning

Question 13

Controlled Variable

Answer 13

Constant throughout the experiment

Question 14

Manipulated Variable

Answer 14

Changed in the experiment (independent)

Question 15

Responding Variable

Answer 15

Change in response to the manipulated variable (dependent)

Question 16

What is Spontaneous Generation?

Answer 16

Idea that life could emerge from non-living matter

Question 17

Cells are considered to be ___

Answer 17

An open system

Question 18

Animal Cells

Answer 18

Come in many shapes and sizes, don’t have a cell wall or chloroplast

Question 19

Plant Cells

Answer 19

Tend to be cubes or prisms. Have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose and have green chloroplasts

Question 20

What are the 3 modern cell theories?

Answer 20

-All living things are made up of one or more cells
-Cell is the smallest unit of life
(Schleiden & Schwann)
-All cells are produced from other cells by cellular division
(Virchow)

Question 21

Cell Membrane

Answer 21

Protective Barrier of the Cell and responsible for the transport of substances into and out of the cell

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

Directs all cellular activities

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

Gel-Like Substance where streaming occurs

Question 24

Lysosomes

Answer 24

Sacs containing digestive enzymes

Question 25

Vacuoles and Vesicles

Answer 25

Storage site for water and nutrients

Question 26

Mitochondria

Answer 26

Site of cellular respiration where chemical energy in sugars in converted to energy the cell can use

Question 27

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 27

Site of Lipid Production

Question 28

Ribosomes

Answer 28

Granules that assemble proteins

Question 29

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 29

Receives cell products and ships them out

Question 30

Chloroplast

Answer 30

Site of photosynthesis

Question 31

Cell wall

Answer 31

Rigid frame made from starch that provides strength and support

Question 32

What are the 4 Main points of the particle model of matter?

Answer 32

1: All matter is made up of particles 2: Constantly moving or vibrating. 3: Attracted or bonded together 4: have spaces between them. (smallest in solids and greatest in gases)

Question 33

What are the 2 types of transport across the cell membrane?

Answer 33

Passive and Active

Question 34

Passive Transport

Answer 34

Doesn't require energy to transport particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 35

Diffusion

Answer 35

Passive... | Movement of particles from are of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 36

Osmosis

Answer 36

Movement of water from high water concentration to low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 37

What are the 3 possible solution concentration?

Answer 37

Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

Question 38

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 38

Only the substances that are soluble in lipids can pass through the lipid bilayer by diffusion

Question 39

Channel Proteins

Answer 39

A pore or channel through which small water soluble particles can pass through

Question 40

Carrier Proteins

Answer 40

Attaches to a large molecule then physically changes shape in order to move the molecule across the cell membrane. Once the molecule has moved, the protein returns to it's original shape

Question 41

Active Transport

Answer 41

Movement of molecules or ions from an area of low concentration to high concentration: energy is needed

Question 42

What do carrier proteins to in active transport?

Answer 42

Work as a pump to move molecules or ions across the membrane

Question 43

What are the 2 types of active transport?

Answer 43

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Question 44

Endocytosis

Answer 44

Particles brought into the cell by folding in of the cell membrane to form a vacuole or vesicle

Question 45

What does Endocytosis do?

Answer 45

Intake of food particles

Question 46

Exocytosis

Answer 46

A vesicle fuses with the cell membrane then ruptures to release it's contents outside of the cell

Question 47

What does Exocytosis do?

Answer 47

Secrete large waste particles or secretory products

Question 48

What does size involve with to the cell?

Answer 48

Affect the efficiency of transport and materials in and out of the cell

Question 49

If a cell becomes ____ and its volume ____

Answer 49

Larger, Increases

Question 50

Having Cells Allows For:

Answer 50

1) Division of Labour 2) Increase in size 3) Interdependence

Question 51

Multicellular Organisms follow a specific organization

Answer 51

- Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems

Question 52

Shoot System

Answer 52

Everything above ground (stem, leaves, buds, flowers, fruit & tubers)

Question 53

Root System

Answer 53

Everything below ground. Some plants have aerial roots (roots that appear above ground)