Biology 10

Question 1

What is spontaneous generation

Answer 1

The idea that life could emerge spontaneously from non living matter called spontaneous generation or abiogenesis

Question 2

The Cell Theory states…

Answer 2

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells
2. All life function takes place in cells, making them the smallest unit of life
3. All cells are produced by pre-existing cells through the process of cell division

Question 3

Staining is…

Answer 3

Improving the contrast between internal cellular structures

Question 4

Light microscopes…

Answer 4

Magnify images through the use of one or more curved lenses and a light source.

Question 5

The transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)…

Answer 5

Uses a beam of electrons passed through a very thin section of the specimin. Electrons fall on a fluorescent screen and black and white photographs are produced. 1500000x magnification and 2.5nm resolution.

Question 6

The scanning Electron microscope (SEM)…

Answer 6

Gives info about the surface features of a specimen. Specimen covered in electron dense material. Which reflects electrons. Electrons bounce of surface are picked up by sensors and create 3d image. 300000x magnification and 20nm resolution.

Question 7

Cells are considered to be open systems because they…

Answer 7

Exchange matter and energy with their environment

Question 8

Life processes carried out by cells include…

Answer 8

1. Intake of nutrients
2. Removal of waste
3. Growth and reproduction
4. Exchange of gases

Question 9

Function of the cell membrane

Answer 9

Protective barrier for cell, allows transport of materials in and out of cell, important for cell communication

Question 10

Function of nucleus

Answer 10

Directs all cellular activity, contributes to transport of materials

Question 11

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 11

Contains nutrients required by the cell to carry on life processes.

Question 12

Function of cell wall

Answer 12

Provide strength and support

Question 13

Function of chloroplast

Answer 13

They are the sites of photosynthesis only found in plants

Question 14

Function of vacuoles

Answer 14

Store water

Question 15

Function of vesicles

Answer 15

Store nutrients and fats, transport’s substances throughout and out of the cell.

Question 16

Function of ribosomes

Answer 16

Sites of protein synthesis

Question 17

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

Associated with protein synthesis

Question 18

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

Associated with lipid (fat and oil) production

Question 19

Function of lysosomes

Answer 19

Digestion of substances occur, defend against invading bacteria, destruction of damaged cell organelles, programmed cell death.

Question 20

Function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 20

Recieve substances from the endoplasmic reticulum and package them into vesicles for transport

Question 21

Function of mitochondria

Answer 21

Convert chemical energy into ATP energy, AKA where cellular respiration occurs.

Question 22

What are shoot systems

Answer 22

Organs of plants that are above ground

Question 23

What are root systems

Answer 23

Organs of the plant that are below ground

Question 24

Guard cells are specialized in the

Answer 24

Epidermis

Question 25

Guard cells form…

Answer 25

Tiny openings called stomata that allow gas exchange to occur

Question 26

Majority of stomata are found in the

Answer 26

Lower epidermis on the underside of a leaf to prevent water loss

Question 27

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse

Answer 27

along the concentration gradient between the air and the leaf through the stomata

Question 28

The guard cells that surround the stomata control..

Answer 28

Whether they are open or closed

Question 29

Light striking the leaf stimulates — and accumulates—via which type of transport

Answer 29

Stimulates guard cells and accumulates potassium ions via active transport

Question 30

Hypertonic means

Answer 30

High water concentration inside, moving to low water concentration outside. cell shrinks

Question 31

Hypotonic means…

Answer 31

High water concentration outside moving into low concentration inside, cell grows

Question 32

Isotonic means…

Answer 32

Concentration inside and outside are equal and there is no concentration gradient to flow along

Question 33

The cells of the epidermis are what colour and why

Answer 33

It is clear to allow light needed for photosynthesis to enter the leaf

Question 34

Water is continually being ___ by the plant as a result of ___ through the ____

Answer 34

Lost, transpiration, stomata

Question 35

The particle model of mater is

Answer 35

1. Matter is made up of particles 2. Particles are in constant motion 3. There is space between particles 4. There are always forces are acting upon particles

Question 36

Between the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf are…

Answer 36

Specialized ground tissue called mesophyll

Question 37

The palisade tissue is found… and the cells are___ to maximize exposure to the __

Answer 37

Below the upper epidermis, tightly packed together, sun

Question 38

The palisade tissue is responsible for___ and thus contain ___

Answer 38

Photosynthesis, chloroplasts

Question 39

The spongy mesophyll tissue is located…

Answer 39

above the lower epidermis and under the palisade tissue

Question 40

The spongy mesophyll tissue cells have ___ to allow ___ to diffuse throughout the ____

Answer 40

Increased space between cells, gases, leaf

Question 41

The cells of the spongy tissue also contain __ that contribute to ___

Answer 41

Chloroplasts, photosynthesis

Question 42

Xylem and phloem tissues are bundled in

Answer 42

Vascular bundles

Question 43

Cohesion is

Answer 43

Water molecules bonding to other water molecules

Question 44

Adhesion is

Answer 44

Water molecules attracting to other substances

Question 45

Root pressure does what

Answer 45

Pushes water upward in a plant

Question 46

The evaporation of water through the stomata creates

Answer 46

Transpiration pull

Question 47

pressure flow theory explains how…

Answer 47

Phloem transport the products of photosynthesis

Question 48

Phloem transport ___ from the __ to the places they are used or stored called__

Answer 48

Products of photosynthesis, leaves/source, sink

Question 49

Xylem tissue dead or alive

Answer 49

Dead

Question 50

Phloem tissue are __ (dead or alive) but they loose their—

Answer 50

Alive loose their nuclei

Question 51

Phloem tissue has companion cells called..

Answer 51

Sieve tube cells

Question 52

At the leaf, sugar is transported (active or passive) into the __ cell and — follows by ___

Answer 52

Active, phloem, water, osmosis

Question 53

___ is pushed through the phloem to the rest of the plant due to increased pressure

Answer 53

Phloem sap

Question 54

Phototropism is…

Answer 54

Directional growth of a plant in response to light

Question 55

Positive phototropism means…

Answer 55

growth towards the light Ex:stem

Question 56

Negative phototropism means…

Answer 56

Growth away from the light ex: roots

Question 57

Gravitropism is…

Answer 57

The growth of plants in response to earths gravitational force

Question 58

Stems grow against the gravitational force, this shows…

Answer 58

Negative gravitropism

Question 59

Roots grow toward the gravitational force , this shows…

Answer 59

Positive gravitropism

Question 60

Scientists believe that the indicators of gravity in plants are…

Answer 60

Starch grains

Question 61

What was the significance of Charles and Francis Darwin

Answer 61

1880, Investigated the part of the plant detects and responds to phototropic stimulus

Question 62

Peter Boysen-Jensen investigated…

Answer 62

How the tip communicated with the area of elongation

Question 63

The area of elongation is…

Answer 63

The side facing away from the sun, longwr cells

Question 64

What was the significance of F W Went

Answer 64

Isolated the chemical substance responsible for initiating phototropic response called auxin

Question 65

An example of a Semi permeable membrane would be

Answer 65

Reverse osmosis water purification or transdermal patches

Question 66

What is a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 66

A double layer of lipids that each have a phosphate group

Question 67

How do transdermal patches work?

Answer 67

Patch that contains medicine uses diffusion to move medicine from high to low through the skin into the body

Question 68

The phosphates are__ and face__ into the watery fluids on both sides of the membrane

Answer 68

Hydrophillic and face outwards

Question 69

Lipids are on the ___ of the phospholipid bilayer and are ___

Answer 69

Inside, hydrophobic