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Science 10-1 Bio > Biology 10 > Flashcards

Biology 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is spontaneous generation

A

The idea that life could emerge spontaneously from non living matter called spontaneous generation or abiogenesis

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2
Q

The Cell Theory states…

A
  1. All living things are made up of one or more cells
  2. All life function takes place in cells, making them the smallest unit of life
  3. All cells are produced by pre-existing cells through the process of cell division
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3
Q

Staining is…

A

Improving the contrast between internal cellular structures

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4
Q

Light microscopes…

A

Magnify images through the use of one or more curved lenses and a light source.

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5
Q

The transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)…

A

Uses a beam of electrons passed through a very thin section of the specimin. Electrons fall on a fluorescent screen and black and white photographs are produced. 1500000x magnification and 2.5nm resolution.

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6
Q

The scanning Electron microscope (SEM)…

A

Gives info about the surface features of a specimen. Specimen covered in electron dense material. Which reflects electrons. Electrons bounce of surface are picked up by sensors and create 3d image. 300000x magnification and 20nm resolution.

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7
Q

Cells are considered to be open systems because they…

A

Exchange matter and energy with their environment

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8
Q

Life processes carried out by cells include…

A
  1. Intake of nutrients
  2. Removal of waste
  3. Growth and reproduction
  4. Exchange of gases
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9
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

Protective barrier for cell, allows transport of materials in and out of cell, important for cell communication

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10
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Directs all cellular activity, contributes to transport of materials

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11
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

Contains nutrients required by the cell to carry on life processes.

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12
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Provide strength and support

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13
Q

Function of chloroplast

A

They are the sites of photosynthesis only found in plants

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14
Q

Function of vacuoles

A

Store water

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15
Q

Function of vesicles

A

Store nutrients and fats, transport’s substances throughout and out of the cell.

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16
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Sites of protein synthesis

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17
Q

Function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Associated with protein synthesis

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18
Q

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Associated with lipid (fat and oil) production

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19
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Digestion of substances occur, defend against invading bacteria, destruction of damaged cell organelles, programmed cell death.

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20
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus

A

Recieve substances from the endoplasmic reticulum and package them into vesicles for transport

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21
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Convert chemical energy into ATP energy, AKA where cellular respiration occurs.

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22
Q

What are shoot systems

A

Organs of plants that are above ground

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23
Q

What are root systems

A

Organs of the plant that are below ground

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24
Q

Guard cells are specialized in the

A

Epidermis

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25
Q

Guard cells form…

A

Tiny openings called stomata that allow gas exchange to occur

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26
Q

Majority of stomata are found in the

A

Lower epidermis on the underside of a leaf to prevent water loss

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27
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse

A

along the concentration gradient between the air and the leaf through the stomata

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28
Q

The guard cells that surround the stomata control..

A

Whether they are open or closed

29
Q

Light striking the leaf stimulates — and accumulates—via which type of transport

A

Stimulates guard cells and accumulates potassium ions via active transport

30
Q

Hypertonic means

A

High water concentration inside, moving to low water concentration outside. cell shrinks

31
Q

Hypotonic means…

A

High water concentration outside moving into low concentration inside, cell grows

32
Q

Isotonic means…

A

Concentration inside and outside are equal and there is no concentration gradient to flow along

33
Q

The cells of the epidermis are what colour and why

A

It is clear to allow light needed for photosynthesis to enter the leaf

34
Q

Water is continually being ___ by the plant as a result of ___ through the ____

A

Lost, transpiration, stomata

35
Q

The particle model of mater is

A
  1. Matter is made up of particles
  2. Particles are in constant motion
  3. There is space between particles
  4. There are always forces are acting upon particles
36
Q

Between the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf are…

A

Specialized ground tissue called mesophyll

37
Q

The palisade tissue is found… and the cells are___ to maximize exposure to the __

A

Below the upper epidermis, tightly packed together, sun

38
Q

The palisade tissue is responsible for___ and thus contain ___

A

Photosynthesis, chloroplasts

39
Q

The spongy mesophyll tissue is located…

A

above the lower epidermis and under the palisade tissue

40
Q

The spongy mesophyll tissue cells have ___ to allow ___ to diffuse throughout the ____

A

Increased space between cells, gases, leaf

41
Q

The cells of the spongy tissue also contain __ that contribute to ___

A

Chloroplasts, photosynthesis

42
Q

Xylem and phloem tissues are bundled in

A

Vascular bundles

43
Q

Cohesion is

A

Water molecules bonding to other water molecules

44
Q

Adhesion is

A

Water molecules attracting to other substances

45
Q

Root pressure does what

A

Pushes water upward in a plant

46
Q

The evaporation of water through the stomata creates

A

Transpiration pull

47
Q

pressure flow theory explains how…

A

Phloem transport the products of photosynthesis

48
Q

Phloem transport ___ from the __ to the places they are used or stored called__

A

Products of photosynthesis,
leaves/source, sink

49
Q

Xylem tissue dead or alive

A

Dead

50
Q

Phloem tissue are __ (dead or alive) but they loose their—

A

Alive loose their nuclei

51
Q

Phloem tissue has companion cells called..

A

Sieve tube cells

52
Q

At the leaf, sugar is transported (active or passive) into the __ cell and — follows by ___

A

Active, phloem, water, osmosis

53
Q

___ is pushed through the phloem to the rest of the plant due to increased pressure

A

Phloem sap

54
Q

Phototropism is…

A

Directional growth of a plant in response to light

55
Q

Positive phototropism means…

A

growth towards the light
Ex:stem

56
Q

Negative phototropism means…

A

Growth away from the light
ex: roots

57
Q

Gravitropism is…

A

The growth of plants in response to earths gravitational force

58
Q

Stems grow against the gravitational force, this shows…

A

Negative gravitropism

59
Q

Roots grow toward the gravitational force , this shows…

A

Positive gravitropism

60
Q

Scientists believe that the indicators of gravity in plants are…

A

Starch grains

61
Q

What was the significance of Charles and Francis Darwin

A

1880, Investigated the part of the plant detects and responds to phototropic stimulus

62
Q

Peter Boysen-Jensen investigated…

A

How the tip communicated with the area of elongation

63
Q

The area of elongation is…

A

The side facing away from the sun, longwr cells

64
Q

What was the significance of F W Went

A

Isolated the chemical substance responsible for initiating phototropic response called auxin

65
Q

An example of a Semi permeable membrane would be

A

Reverse osmosis water purification or transdermal patches

66
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer

A

A double layer of lipids that each have a phosphate group

67
Q

How do transdermal patches work?

A

Patch that contains medicine uses diffusion to move medicine from high to low through the skin into the body

68
Q

The phosphates are__ and face__ into the watery fluids on both sides of the membrane

A

Hydrophillic and face outwards

69
Q

Lipids are on the ___ of the phospholipid bilayer and are ___

A

Inside, hydrophobic

Science 10-1 Bio (1 decks)

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