biology 10

Question 1

What is a mutation?

Answer 1

A change in the DNA of a gene

Question 2

What are mutations resposible for?

Answer 2

For genetice variety in a population

Question 3

What affect do mutations have

Answer 3

• sometimes genetic changes hel members to better deal with a new disease or changes in the enviornment (rare) ie. bacteria that mutate and become immune to antibiotics
• But mutations almost always have a negative affect (most common) – i.e. alminishm, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia – i.e. fruit flies have been mutated can have their wings altered – can’t fly, dies
• Neutral mutation (common) – has no effect on organism i.e. plan grow large-sized leaves

Question 4

What is the factor that causes mutations called?

Answer 4

Mutagen – can be physcial, chemical or biological

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e. eukaryotes) are composed, consisting of protein, RNA, and DNA.

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 7

DNA double helix

Answer 7

doble helix is the main structure of DNA

Question 8

Nitrogenous base

Answer 8

this forms the backbone for the entire molecule.The sugar nucleatide is the building block for dna and RNA.

Question 9

Phosphate group

Answer 9

when a phosphate atom is atched with a carbon base atom that is what is claed a phosphate groop.

Question 10

Sugar

Answer 10

suger in dna is caled deoxyribose it nis one of the main building blocks in the dna.

Question 11

What is a nucleus

Answer 11

A small spherical, dense body in a cell.

Often called the “control centre” – controls all of the activities of the cell including cell reproduction

Question 12

What does DNA do in a cell

Answer 12

DNA controls the production of proteins within the cell, these form structural units of cell and control all of the chemical processes within the cell

Question 13

What is a chromosome

Answer 13

Made of DNA and is made up of genes

Question 14

What is a gene

Answer 14

is a segment of DNA that codes foa particular proten which in turn codes for a trait – ie. gene for baldness, gene for blue eyes

Question 15

What is the structure of DNA

Answer 15

double helix – twisted ladder

Made up of paris of nitrogen bases
AT GC

Question 16

What is a nucleotide

Answer 16

Made up of a combination of a single base, a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate

Question 17

What is the base-pair rule

Answer 17

A will only bond with T
G will only bond with C

Question 18

How are the two sides of the DNA ladder held together

Answer 18

Hydrogen bonds

Question 19

What is messenger RNA

Answer 19

small piece of RNA to go through the nuclear pore. It takes “messages” of hte DNA to the ribosomes and “tells them” what proteins are to be made.

RNA is similar to DNA except it is a single strange and has no thymine