Biology 1 Lipids, membranes and cholera

Question 1

What chemical elements make up lipids?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 2

What is the structure of a triglyceride?

Answer 2

3 fatty acids and one unit of glycerol

Question 3

What makes a lipid unsaturated

Answer 3

Contains C=C

Question 4

How is the structure of phospholipids different to triglycerides?

Answer 4

One fatty acid is removed and replaced by a phosphate group.

Question 5

What are the bonds between fatty acids called?

Answer 5

Ester bonds

Question 6

Fatty acid tails are…

Answer 6

Hydrophobic

Question 7

Phospholipid heads are…

Answer 7

Hydrophillic

Question 8

What molecules can pas through the plasma membrane?

Answer 8

Water, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Fat/ lipid soluble

Question 9

What model shows the contents of a plasma membrane?

Answer 9

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 10

What molecules does a cell membrane consist of?

Answer 10

Protein, Carbohydrates and Phospholipids.

Question 11

What do channel proteins do?

Answer 11

Allows ions and polar molecules to pass through the membrane.

Question 12

Which processes allow substances to pass across the cell membrane?

Answer 12

Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport.

Question 13

What do glycoproteins do?

Answer 13

Cell recognition

Question 14

What do carrier proteins do?

Answer 14

aid the transport of ions and polar molecules across the membrane by active transport and facilitated diffusion.

Question 15

Factors that affect rate of diffusion

Answer 15

Temperature, Concentration, Surface Area, Thickness of exchange surface

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

The net movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration until they are equally distributed.

Question 17

What substance does facilitated diffusion allow to pass through the membrane and how does it happen?

Answer 17

Hydrophillic sustances by carrier proteins. Does not require ATP
facilitated diffusion reaches a saturation point

Question 18

What does adding a solute to water do to the water potential?

Answer 18

Lowers the water potential

Question 19

Fick’s law

Answer 19

Diffusion Distance

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

Net movement of water molecules from a solution with a higher water potential to a solution with a lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane

Question 21

Isotonic solution

Answer 21

has same water potential as surrounding solution so no net movement of water

Question 22

Active Transport

Answer 22

Movement against concentration gradient
Requires carrier proteins
That require ATP

Question 23

Mark points for Co- transport and how oral rehydration solutions work

Answer 23

• Glucose and sodium enter cell via facilitated diffusion
• Sodium moves into blood via active transport
• Glucose moves into blood via active transport
• Lowers water potential of blood
• Water moves into blood leading to rehydration

Question 24

How do cholera bacteria cause illness

Answer 24

• Burrow into lining of small intestine and release toxins.

* Toxins cause massive increase of active transport of ions into the lumen of the small intestine.

Question 25

Mark points for how cholera cause illness

Answer 25

• Ions move into small intestine
• Lower water potential of lumen
• Water move from high to low by osmosis
• Into small intestine causing diarrhoea which leads to dehydration

Question 26

What are the contents of oral rehydration solutions?

Answer 26

salt, potassium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate and glucose