BIOLOGY (1-5 Flashcards
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-movement
-reproduction
-sensitivity
-growth
-reproduction
-excretion
-nutrition
movement is???
action made by the organisims cuasing a change in position of place
-change in position or place
respiration is???
-a chemical reaction that takes place in the cell that breaks down nutrients molecules and releases energy for metabolism
-a chemical reaction that occurs in the cells
sensitivity is ??????
ability to sense stimuli in INTERNAL or EXTERNAL environments and make appropriate responses
growth
-permanent increase in size
- dry mass by an increase in cell number or both
reproduction
process that makes more of the same type of organism
excretion
- removal from organisms of waste products of metabolism
-toxic materials and excess substances
(eg. pee (urea) , carbon dioxide , NOT poop)
nutrition
taking in materials for growth energy and development
define species
a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offsprings
binomial naming system
- a way to make classification standard
scientific name consist
genus and species
-genus (capital letters)
-species ( lower case & underline when written or italic when printed)
why do we classify organisms?
-to identify those at risk of extinction
-to understand evolutionary relationship
HOW do we classify organisms
studying :
morphology and anatomy
morphology is?
study of form or outward appearance of organisms
anatomy is?
study of internal structure by dissection
whats a more accurate way of classification ?
sequences of DNA and amino acids in protein
what unique about each species?
-each species has a unique number of chromosomes
- sequence of bases in DNA making each species different from other species
- organisms with recent ancestors have more DNA that’s more similar than distant
all living things classify under:
kingdom (5) , phyllum , class , family ,genus , species
(kids prefer candy -over- fried green spinach)
all living things have certain features in common like :
presence in cytoplasm , cell membrane , DNA ( genetic material)
- ribosomes
what do u know about viruses?
characteristics **
- Have a central core of RNA and DNA
- Surrounded by a protein coat
- No nucleus, cytoplasm, cell organelles, or cell membrane
- Do not feed, excrete, respire, or grow
- Virus particles are not cells.
- Reproduce inside living organisms using materials from the host cell)
what are ribosomes and what do they do?
- ribosomes are in cytoplasms
-they float freely or attached to membranes called rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) - make proteins and enzymes involved in respiration
dichotomous keys are?
-used to identify organisms
-each key made of contrasting features
(dichotomous mean 2 branches)
whittakes 5 kingdoms ARE?
animal (Animalia) , plant (plantae) , fungus ( fungi) , prokaryote , procristayote (protocist)
animal / animalia are
-multicellular organisms
-no cell wall or chloroplast
-divided into vertebrate and arthrpods
Athropods are and definition
crustaceans, myriapod , arachnids , and insects
-d: animals with NO column (backbone)
- has segmented bodies
-many legs (jointed limbs
- body covered in exoskeleton (outer shell made out of chitin)
vertebrates are and definition
fish , reptiles , amphibians , birds , and mammals
d: animals with a column (backbone)
main features of mammals
-fur / hair on body
-have a placenta
- Young feed on milk from mammary glands
-warm-blooded
-endothermic
- eternal ears
main features of birds
-feathers
-2 legs and 2 wings (instead of forelimbs)
-lay eggs with hard shells
-beak
-endothermic
-warmblooded
reptiles main features are
- dry skin with scles
lay eggs with leathery shells
-cold blooded
amphibians main feature are
-smooth, moist skin
-lays eggs
-four legged
-cold- blooded
fish main features are
-gills and fins
-cold blooded / aquatic
-scales
-lay eggs
what is the difference between warm-blooded and cold-blooded??
cold-blooded means that the animal’s temperature changes with the environment’s temperature
while warm-blooded is when the body maintains a constant temperature
what are myriapods’ main features
- consist of many segments on body
-1 pair of jointed legs
-1 pair of antenna
insect main features are
- 3 part body - head , thorax and abdomen
- 3 pairs of jointed legs
- 2 pairs of wings
- 1 pair of antenna
-compound eyes
arachnids main feature are
- 2 part -cephalothorax (thorax) and abdomen
-4 pairs of legs
-no antennas
-simple eyes
crustaceans’ main features are?
- more than 4 pairs of jointed legs
-chalky exoskeleton (form calcium)
-has gills
-2 pairs of antenna
-compound
plant / plantae are
-multicellular
-cell wall (cellulose)
-contain chlorophyll and chloroplast
- makes own food
- divided in to ferns and flowering plants
ferns are
-landplants
-has xylem and pleom
-undergoes sexual reproduction
-produces gamtes
-no flower
-stem, leaf , roots are present
flowering plants are
-divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons
monocotyledones characteristics
-long and narrow
-parallel veins
-has ONE cotyledone
-group of three
dicotyledons characteristics
-broad
-branching veins (network vien)
-has TWO cotyledon
-group of fives
fungus / fungi are
- decomposers
-made up of thread like hyphae rather than cells
-nuclei is distributed throughout cytoplasm - uni/ multi (mushrooms)
-large vacuole - contain chintin ( in cell wall)
prokaryote are
-unicellular
-bacteria and algae
-chromosome are not inside nuclues
- each bacteria cell contains ONE SINGLE chromosome, consisting in circular DNA strands
-made of peptidoglycan ( cell wall)
protoctist are
-unicellular
-chromosomes enclosed in a nuclear membrane (forms a nucleus)
eg. amoeba
chapter 2
eukaryotic cells have?
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
what are in both animal and plant cells
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria
define cell membrane
selective control of what goes into and out of cell
nuclues definition
carries genetic material
cytoplasm definition
jelly like substance where all chemical reactions take place
ribosomes definitions
site of protein synthesis
mitochondria definition
site of aerobic respiration
what do high metabolism cells need
- lots of mitochondria release energy
