Biology 1-3

Question 1

Characteristics of living organisms (5)

Answer 1

(MRS GREN)
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

Define movement

Answer 2

An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 3

Define respiration

Answer 3

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 4

Define sensitivity

Answer 4

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Question 5

Define growth

Answer 5

A permanent increase in size and dry mass

Question 6

Define reproduction

Answer 6

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 7

Define excretion

Answer 7

The removal of waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

Question 8

Define nutrition

Answer 8

The taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Question 9

Structure of a plant cell (8)

Answer 9

Chloroplast
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Ribosome

Question 10

Function of chloroplast

Answer 10

Contains chlorophyll and location of photosynthesis

Question 11

Function of nucleus

Answer 11

Contains DNA and controls the functions of the cell

Question 12

Function of mitochondrion

Answer 12

Where respiration takes place

Question 13

Function of cell wall

Answer 13

Made of cellulose and strengthens the cell

Question 14

Function of cell membrane

Answer 14

Controls what moves in and out of the cell

Question 15

Function of vacuole

Answer 15

Space filled with cell sap which keeps the cell turgid

Question 16

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 16

Where the majority of the activities take place

Question 17

Function of ribosome

Answer 17

Where protein synthesis occurs

Question 18

Structure of a animal cell (5)

Answer 18

Ribosome
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion

Question 19

Structure of a bacteria (9)

Answer 19

Pili
Ribosome
Food granule
Prokaryotic flagellum
Capsule
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Plasmid (DNA)

Question 20

How cells are made up (3)

Answer 20

New cells are produced by division of existing cells
The number of organelles increases while the cell grows
Cell division is called mitosis

Question 21

Ciliated cells are for

Answer 21

Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

Question 22

Root hair cells are for

Answer 22

Absorbs minerals and water from soil

Question 23

Palisade mesophyll are for

Answer 23

Photosynthesis

Question 24

Neurones are for

Answer 24

Conduction of electrical impulses

Question 25

Red blood cells are for

Answer 25

Transport of oxygen

Question 26

Sperm and egg cell (gametes) are for

Answer 26

Reproduction

Question 27

Define cell

Answer 27

Basic functional and structural units in a living organism

Question 28

Define tissue

Answer 28

A group of cells of similar structure working together to perform a particular function

Question 29

Define organ

Answer 29

Made from a group of different tissues working together to perform a particular function

Question 30

Define organ system

Answer 30

Made from a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions within the organism

Question 31

Formula to find actual size or magnification

Answer 31

I= A M

Question 32

What is diffusion

Answer 32

The random movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, until equilibrium is reached

Question 33

Where does diffusion only occurs

Answer 33

In a solution or gas

Question 34

What is the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes in living organisms

Answer 34

The diffusion of gases is what makes gas exchange possible

Question 35

What is osmosis

Answer 35

Movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Question 36

How does water moves

Answer 36

Water moves into and out of cells by osmosis through the cell membrane

Question 37

Importance of osmosis

Answer 37

Control guard cells Uptake of water by roots Reabsorption in the kidneys Absorption in the intestines

Question 38

What is active transport

Answer 38

The movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiration