Biology 1 Flashcards
Hypertonic
the concentration solution is higher than then inside the cell
Hypotonic
the concentration of solution is lower than that inside the cell
Isotonic
the concentration of solution is the same as that inside the cell
Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion high concentration of water to a low concentration of water
flaccid
Lacking in stiffness or strength. Soft and floppy
Turgid
enlarged and swollen with water
Plasmolyed
a plant cell losing water therefore shrinking its cytoplasm and plasma membrane away from the inside of its cell wall
Passive transport
relies on the natural kinetic energy of molecules and diffusion gradient
Active transport
Is the movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration PROCESS NEEDS ENERGY
MRS GREN
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrients
Mrs GREN M
Movement: to find food, mates and new areas to occupy
Mrs GREN R1
Respiration: to release energy from food so the cell can do work.
Mrs GREN S
Sensitivity: to respond to changes in the environment to increase the chance of survival.
Mrs GREN G
Growth: an increase in size or number of cells so the organisms get bigger.
Mrs GREN R2
Reproduction: so the species survives and does not go exstinct.
Mrs GREN E
Excretion: removing toxic waste from chemical reactions in cells (metabolism)
Mrs GREN N
Nutrients: a source of chemical energy for respiration so the cell can function and carry out work.
Respiration
organisms exchange gases with the environment
Glucose
Glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body’s cells
Cell organelles
a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell
Eukaryote cells
any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus
Prokaryote cells
any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes.
Bacterial cells
prokaryotes, lacking membrane-bound organelles
Yeast cells
single-celled fungi
Animal cell 5 parts
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Plant cell 8 parts
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Vacuole
Green chloroplasts
Ribosomes
All proteins needed in cells are made here.
Mitochondria
Organelles that release most of the cells energy during
respiration
Cytoplasm
Respiration occurs here-
Nucleus
Controls the functions and activities of a cell. Contains the
instructions for making new cells or new organisms
Cell wall
Made of cellulose for strength and support
Chloroplasts
help plants
photosynthesis.
Cell membrane
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Vacuole
A space in the cytoplasm for storage
Calculating the mean of an onion cell
1 cell= diameter of field of view (um)
Number of cells across field of view
Surface area to volume ratio
surface area cm2
Volume cm2
Image =
Actual x Magnification
Actual=
Image / magnification
Magnification
Image / actual
% change in mass
Change in mass
Original mass. X100
3 better things about electric microscope
Higher resolution
Higher magnification
Can produce 3d images
3 better thing about light microscope
Cheaper
Larger sub cellular structures allowed
Resolution
The picture that is seen when we look down the microscope
Label all 12 parts of the light microscope
Barrel
Eye piece
Nose piece
Arm
Objective lense
Stage clip
Stage
Condenser
Light
Corse focus helped
Fine focus wheel
Base
