Biology 1 Flashcards
Cell theory
- Basic structural u it of living things
2.Basic functional unit of living things - All cells are derived from pre-existing cells
Hierarchical organization of life
Cell—> tissue—> organ—>organ system—>orgnism
Types of cells and cellular functions
Prokaryotic: lacking nucleus(bacteria)
Eukaryotic: contain true nucleus (plants and animals)
Mitosis
Interphase: cell grows
Prophase (prep): centrioles move to poles & spindle fibres
Metaphase(middle): chromosomes line up along the middle of cell
Anaphase(apart): chromatids separate & are pulled to opposite poles
Telophase (two): cells elongate, chromosomes lose their shape, nuclei envelope reforms
Cytokinesis: cells divide
Importance of a different organelles in mitosis and what would happen if they were not working
Stem cells and why they are important in research
Small group of unspecialized cells. Can differentiate into any type of specialized cell
They are important and research because they can be used to treat injuries and diseases by regenerating organs
Cancer and properties of a cancer cell
When your cell divides uncontrollably and forms a tumour
Properties
-small cytoplasm
- Multiple nuclei
- multiple large nucleoli
-course chromatin
Cell specialization, which cells specialize?
Cell specialization is when cells have the same DNA, but develop in different ways to perform particular functions.
Stem, muscle, nerve, red and white blood, and plant cells specialize
Genetic therapy (cloning), know the different type and the ethics behind therapeutic cloning
KNOW
-label cells
-label microscope
-identify organelles, and which type of cell is being displayed
-diagram of cell division
Types of tissue in animal cell
Epithelial: protects internal structures
Connective: join tissues together and support and protect structures
Muscle: movement
Nervous: send messages
Types of tissues in plant cells
Meristematic: grows new parts
Epidermal: protect
Vascular: transporting (xylem=water & pholem=sugar)
Ground: stem=support, leaves= photosynthesis and gas exchange, roots = stores water and nutrients
Cell division
The process by which parents allied the two identical daughter cells divided into G1, S, and G2 face. Allows organisms to grow and replace old cells.
Cells divide for 3 reasons:
1. Growth
2. Repair
3. Reproduction
What factors influence cell specialization in animal cells
- The contents of the cells cytoplasm
- Environmental conditions such as temperature
- The influence of neighbouring cells
