Biology 1

Question 1

Where is the DNA found in the cell?

Answer 1

In the chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 2

How do we normally find chromosomes in the body?

Answer 2

In pairs (23 in humans)

Question 3

What are the basic stages of cell division?

Answer 3

1. Genetic material doubles
2. Increases the number of sub-cellular organelles
3. DNA replicates
4. Mitosis occurs - where the genetic material moves to either end of the cell
5. Divides into 2 cells

Question 4

What is a stem cell?

Answer 4

An unspecialised cell

Question 5

What can adult stem cells become?

Answer 5

Blood cells or skin cells and some others

Question 6

What can embryonic cells become?

Answer 6

Any type of cell

Question 7

What are stem cells in plants called?

Answer 7

Meristem cells

Question 8

What is a risk of using stem cells in medical treatment?

Answer 8

Transfer viral infection

Question 9

Which organ system is responsible for our absorbing nutrients?

Answer 9

Digestive system

Question 10

How does the body breakdown large food molecules into easily absorbable small molecules?

Answer 10

Enzymes - they are specific to each type of nutrient

Question 11

What is the lock and key theory of enzymes?

Answer 11

Only certain substrates fit the active site of the enzyme - we refer to this as specificity

Question 12

Carbohydrase breaks down what?

Answer 12

Carbohydrate

Question 13

Lipase breaks down what?

Answer 13

Fats

Question 14

Protease breaks down what?

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

What type of organ system is made up of the heart and blood vessels?

Answer 15

Circulatory system

Question 16

Why is the heart part of a double pump system?

Answer 16

The heart pumps blood to the lungs and then to the rest of the body. The blood travels through the heart twice in one complete loop

Question 17

What type of vessels move away from the heart?

Answer 17

Arteries

Question 18

What type of vessels move towards the heart?

Answer 18

Veins

Question 19

Blood carries what?

Answer 19

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, dissolved nutrients and urea

Question 20

What are the 2 types of blood cell?

Answer 20

Red blood cells - carry oxygen

White blood cells - fight off diseases

Question 21

What is health?

Answer 21

Health is a state of mental and physical wellbeing

Question 22

What types of disease are there?

Answer 22

Communicable and Non-communicable diseases.

Question 23

What are the four types of pathogen?

Answer 23

Virus - HIV
Bacteria - Salmonella
Funghi - Athletes foot
Protists - Malaria

Question 24

What do viruses and bacteria do in the body?

Answer 24

Reproduce rapidly, take over cells, and can produce toxins to make you feel unwell

Question 25

What type of disease is measles?

Answer 25

Measles is a viral infection, it presents with red spots and fever.

Question 26

What type of disease is HIV?

Answer 26

HIV is a viral infection that presents like flu initially and can be treated with retroviral drugs

Question 27

What type of disease if TMV?

Answer 27

Tobacco mosaic virus is a virus, it affects tobacco plants and tomato plants as they are related. It leads to discolouration of the leaves which reduces photosynthesis

Question 28

Salmonella and Gonorrhoea are both what type of disease?

Answer 28

Bacterial. Salmonella bacteria are ingested from poorly handled or undercooked food. Poultry are vaccinated against salmonella. Gonorrhoea is an STD which can be treated with antibiotics and is spread by sexual contact

Question 29

Rose black spot is what type of disease?

Answer 29

Rose black spot is a funghal infection that affects rose plants. It affects the growth of the plant and reduces the amount of photosynthesis that can occur.

Question 30

Malaria is what type of disease?

Answer 30

Malaria is a protist which is spread by mosquitos. Malaria can be fatal and presents with a fever. Preventing breeding of mosquitos and use of mosquito need reduces the spread of the disease.

Question 31

What are the physical defence systems of the human body?

Answer 31

Skin, Nose, Trachea, and Stomach

Question 32

How do white blood cells help protect the body?

Answer 32

Phagocytosis Antibody Production Antitoxin Production

Question 33

How do vaccines work?

Answer 33

A small sample of dead or inactive virus is injected into the body, which stimulates the white blood cells to produce antibodies. the memory white blood cells can respond quickly if the body is infected again with the same pathogen

Question 34

Should antibiotics be used with viruses?

Answer 34

no, they do not work with viruses

Question 35

How are drugs developed?

Answer 35

Extracted from plants (such as foxgloves) for drugs like digitalis. Willow helps produce anti-inflamatory aspirin and pencilin mould is used to produce antibiotics. Most new drugs are synthesized by chemists

Question 36

How are drugs trialled?

Answer 36

They are tested for toxicity, efficacy and dosage. 1. Very low doses are administered to see if the drug is safe. 2. If safe, further invesigation is done to determine the effective dose. 3. Then a double blind trial is conducted to determine effectivness.

Question 37

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 37

Carbon Dioxide + water --> Glucose + Oxygen

Question 38

What is the chemical symbol for glucose?

Answer 38

C6H12O6

Question 39

Is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 39

Endothermic, energy is needed for the reaction to occur

Question 40

What four factors affect photosynthesis?

Answer 40

Temperature Light intensity Carbon Dioxide concentration Number of chlorophyll