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Biologisk/emotions psykologi > Biologisk och emotionell psykologi > Flashcards

Biologisk och emotionell psykologi Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

Det som sköter hjärnans kommunikativa och informativa funktionsprocesser.

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2
Q

Glia

A

Stödjer och reglerar neuroners aktivitet.

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3
Q

Tract

A

Collection of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of fibres outside of CNS

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5
Q

Posterior root

A

Bundle of fibers that enter the spinal segment from the posterior fibres.

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6
Q

The Law of Bell and Magendie

A

The posterior/dorsal cord is sensory and the anterior/ventral is motor. (One of the few established laws of the nervous system.

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7
Q

Telodendrion

A

Axon collaterals branches

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8
Q

Axon collateral

A

Branches of an axon

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9
Q

Terminal button (End foot)

A

At the end of each telendrion. Usually sits very close to the tip of the dendritic spine of another cell.

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10
Q

Synapse

A

Near-connection between two cells. Includes the the end of a tendrion (terminal button) and the neighboring dentric spine, and the space inbetween.

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11
Q

Pyramidal cells

A

A multipolar neuron that are found in brain areas such as the cerebral cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. Primary excitatory units in the mammalian prefrontal cortex and the corticospinal tract.

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12
Q

SNP(Single nucleotide polymorphism)

A

The erroneous copy of a nucleotide base in a gene. A change in one nucleotide base.

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13
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ions.

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14
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ions and protein molecules

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15
Q

Diffusion

A

The spreading of molecules starting at a highly concentrated point.

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16
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The difference in the number of ions in two regions.

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17
Q

Voltage gradient

A

The difference in charge between two regions.

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18
Q

Initial segment

A

The area close to the cell body, where an axon meets the soma, rich with voltage activated channels, that trigger the action potential.

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19
Q

Temporal summation

A

When two stimuli to a neuron happen close to each other, or even at the same time.

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20
Q

Quantum

A

The amount of neurotransmitter contained within a vesicle.

21
Q

Neurotrophic

A

Nourishes neurons and their growth.

22
Q

Apoptosis

A

Neurotrophic deprivation leads to gene expression that sends signal for neuron to die.

23
Q

Critical period/Sensitive period

A

When development in a specific brain region is sensitive to experience. Absence of this experience may render the brain area underdeveloped.

24
Q

Imprinting

A

Modulating behavior based on the first experiences postnatally. Goslings can imprint on humans after hatching, causing them to see humans as parents and as future sexual partners.

25
Q

Instinct

A

Fixed action pattern

26
Q

Drive Theory of Motivation

A

A physiological disruption to homeostasis produces a tension and a drive that motivates behavior to reduce the tension and restore homeostasis.

27
Q

Drive Theory of Motivation

A

A physiological disruption to homeostasis produces a tension and a drive that motivates behavior to reduce the tension and restore homeostasis.

27
Q

Drive Theory of Motivation

A

A physiological disruption to homeostasis produces a tension and a drive that motivates behavior to reduce the tension and restore homeostasis.

28
Q

Self-determination Theory

A

Focuses on autonomy, competence and relatedness

29
Q

Leptin

A

Hormone secreted by fat cells, lowers apetite

30
Q

Need for achievement

A

A positive desire to accomplish tasks and compete successfully with standards of exellence

31
Q

Achievement goal theory

A

How success is defined by the individual and in the achievement situation itself.

At individual level there is an mastery-orientation and an ego-orientation.

Mastery-approach: I want to perform as good as I can.
Mastery-Avoid: I want to perform well enough to not let my own standards down.

Ego-approach: I want to be better than others.
Ego-avoid: I want to avoid being outperformed by others.

32
Q

Motivational climate

A

Mastery oriented fosters skill improvement, enjoyment of the task, an increased intrinsic motivation and allowing for failure.

Ego oriented compares individuals amongst themselves, emphasises ability over hard work, boosts performance anxiety and a fair of failure.

33
Q

Approach-approach conflict

A

Both alternatives are attractive and the conflict arises from choosing between them.

34
Q

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

Having to choose between two unattractive and undesired alternatives.

35
Q

Approach-avoidance conflict

A

Being attracted and repelled by the same goal at the same time. We might approach-stop-retreat and start approaching again whilst vacillating in a state of conflict.

36
Q

Cognitive appraisal

A

The interpretations and meanings we attach to stimuli.

37
Q

Expressive behavior

A

The emotional behavior that is observable.

38
Q

Fundamental emotion patterns

A

Similarily expressed emotions - innate emotional reactions

39
Q

Cultural display rules

A

When and how emotions are to be displayed - influenced by culture

40
Q

Instrumental behavior

A

Behavior directed at achieving an emotion-relevant goal

41
Q

Somatic theory of emotion

A

The now still remaining theory that builds of the James-Lange theory of bodily feedback that causes emotion.

42
Q

James-Lange theory

A

Our bodily reactions determine the subjective emotions we experience.

43
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

We experience bodily reactions and subjective emotional reactions independently of each other. Thalamus sends information both to the cortex and amygdala for emotional response and to the endocrine and autonomic nervous system for bodily reactions.

44
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

Feedback from facial muscles to the brain is crucial in determining the emotional response in regard to which one and how intense.

The facial muscles used in different emotions such as happiness and sadness can trigger these emotions when the muscles are used.

45
Q

Cognitive-affective theories

A

Theories that investigate the relationship between cognitive processes and emotional responses.

46
Q

Two-factor theory of emotion

A

The intensity of a physiological response tells us how intensely we are experiencing an emotion. The situational cues help us determine what emotion we are experiencing.

47
Q

Happiness/Subjective well being

A

The emotional responses of people and their satisfaction with various aspects of life.

48
Q

Lazarus’ cognitive-affective theory

A

Cognitive appraisals trigger emotional arousal

Biologisk/emotions psykologi (1 decks)

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