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právo > biologie - tkáně > Flashcards

biologie - tkáně Flashcards

1
Q

tkáň

A

soubor buněk se stejnym puvodem, tvarem a funkci

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2
Q

epitel

A

tesne na sobe, pokryvaji telo, tvori organy, vystylaji dutiny

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3
Q

deleni epitelu podle tvaru

A

plochy, valcovity, kubicky

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4
Q

deleni epitelu podle vrstev

A

jednovrstvy, vicevrstny, viceradny, prechodny

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5
Q

deleni epitelu podle funkce

A

kryci a vystelkovy, zlazovy, resorpcni, smyslovy, respiracni

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6
Q

kryci a vystelkovy epitel

A

na povrchu tela, organu a v dutinach

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7
Q

zlazovy epitel

A

z bunek pojme, zpracuje a vylouci produkt a predava je do cev

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8
Q

resorpcni epitel

A

z bunek do prijimaji latky povrchem a predavaji je do cev

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9
Q

respiracni

A

k vymene plynu

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10
Q

smyslovy epitel

A

z bunek citlivych na podnety

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11
Q

pojivo

A

vyplnuje prostor mezi bunkami a organy

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12
Q

typy pojiva

A

chrupavka, kost, vazivo

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13
Q

vazivo

A

= vazivove bunky + mezibunecna hmota; material k vyplni jizev

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14
Q

typy vaziva

A

rosolovite, kolagenni, mezenchymove

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15
Q

chrupavka

A

= bunky + mezibunecna hmota; ke zpevneni organu/casti tela

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16
Q

typy chrupavky

A

kloubni, elasticka, vazivova

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17
Q

kost

A

tvrda tkan, mechanicka opora tela; mezibunecna hmota silne mineralizovana; = kostni bunky + anorganicka slozka + organicka slozka

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18
Q

anorganicka slozka v kostech

A

s vekem podil roste, kost je pevna, ale krehka

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19
Q

organicka slozka v kostech

A

= OSSEIN, dava pruznost a odolonost proti narazum

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20
Q

kostni bunky

A

osteoblasty, osteocyty, osteoklasty

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21
Q

typy kosti

A

fibrilarni, lamelarni

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22
Q

fibrilarni kost

A

mene pevna, puvodni typ kosti, postupne nahrazovana lamelarni kosti

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23
Q

lamelarni kost

A

tvori vetsinu kostry, zakladni stavebni jednotka = OSTEON

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24
Q

zakladni stavebni jednotka kosti

A

osteon

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25
Q

kost - 2. prezka

A

zakladni stavebni clanek kostry, okostice + drenova dutina

26
Q

okostice

A

kryje kost na povrchu, obsahuje: kolagen, elastin, fibroblasty, osteoblasty, osteoklasty; umoznuje kosti rust do sirky a hojit zlomeniny

27
Q

drenova dutina

A

vyplnena kostni dreni (cervena, zluta, sediva)

28
Q

cervena kostni dren

A

u deti ve vsech kostech, probiha v ni krvetvorba, postupne se meni ve zlutou

29
Q

zluta kostni dren

A

= tukove vazivo = MOREK, zdroj energie, muze se premenit na sedou kostni dren

30
Q

seda kostni dren

A

u starych a podvyzivenych lidi, degradace tukove tkane

31
Q

typy kosti

A

dlouhe, kratke, ploche

32
Q

dlouha kost

A

epifyza + diafyza + rustova chrupavka

33
Q

kratke kosti (aspon 3)

A

obratle, zapestni kosti, dolni celist, kosti chodidla, nektere kosti lebky

34
Q

ploche kosti (aspon 3)

A

lopatka, kycelni kost, hrudni kost, lebecni klenba

35
Q

vznik kosti

A

primarni a sekundarni OSIFIKACE, z vaziva/chrupavky -> fibrilarni kost, z vaziva -> kosti obliceje, z chrupavky -> ostatni kosti

36
Q

Sekundarni osifikace

A

fibrilarni kost -> lamelarni kost

37
Q

OSIFIKACE

A

osteoblasty -> vstoupi do kostni hmoty do ktere se ulozi anorganicke latky -> osteocyty; osteoklasty degraduji starou kost -> vytvori misto pro novou kost -> remodelace kosti

38
Q

rust kosti

A

rustove chrupavky - do delky, okostice - do sirky

39
Q

kostra

A

soubor kosti, chrupavek a vaziva

40
Q

slacha x vaz

A

slacha - spojuje sval; vaz - spojuje kosti se svalem

41
Q

funkce kostry (aspon 3)

A

opora tela, ochrana organu, umoznuje pohyb, misto krvetvorby, zdroj energie

42
Q

spojeni kosti

A

pevne (vazivem, chrupavkou, srustem), pohyblive (kloubni)

43
Q

kloub

A

v kloubni dutine/sterbine je kloubni tekutina/maz (ziviny, mene treni), kloubni pouzdro zpevnuje, kloubni vazy = pruhy vaziva, kloubni desticky (lepsi stabilita kloubu, chrupavcivita), MENISKUS a DISKUS

44
Q

typy kloubu

A

jednoduchy a lozeny, kulovity, valcovity, sedlovy

45
Q

osova kostra

A

= pater + hrudnik

46
Q

pater

A

krcni obratle, hrudni obratle, meeziobratlove plotenky, bederni obratle, krizove obratle, kostrc

47
Q

zakriveni patere

A

krcni lordoza, hrudni kyfoza, bederni lordoza, krizova kyfoza

48
Q

obratle

A

krcni, hrudni, bederni

49
Q

kostra horni koncetiny

A

klicni kost, lopatka, kost pazni, kost loketni + vretenni, kosti zapestni a zaprstni, clanky prstu

50
Q

kostra dolni koncetiny

A

kost panevni, kost stehenni, čéška, kost lytkova + holenni, kostiu zanarti, clanky prstu

51
Q

nemoci kosterni soustavy

A

plocha zada, hrudni hyperkyfoza, bederni hyperlordoza, plocha noha, osteoporoza, artritida, osteoartroza, pakostice

52
Q

pakostice

A

spatny jidelnicek - alkohol, saldke napoje, maso a dary more; zvysena hladina kyseliny v mocove krvi -> v kloubech a ve slachach

53
Q

osteoartroza

A

destrukce chrupavek; bolest kloubu -> boli vsechno KOLEM chrupavky

54
Q

artritida

A

autoimunitni onemocneni, zanety a bolesti kloubu

55
Q

osteoporoza

A

ridnuti kosti; kvuli podvyzive nebo veku, malo vitaminu D; bolesti zad, lomivost kosti

56
Q

plocha noha

A

zborceni klenby nohu; kvuli nadvaze, dlouhym stáním, spatnou obuvi

57
Q

skolioza

A

= vychyleni patere do strany, ochable svalstvo, vadne drzeni tela

58
Q

lebka

A

tvorena vice kostmi vestniou pevne spojenymi; funkce = ochrana mozku a smyslovych organu

59
Q

otvory lebky

A

ocnice, nosni dutina, tylni otvor, dutina ustni

60
Q

casti lebky

A

mozkova a oblicejova

právo (3 decks)

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