BIOLOGICS

Question 1

What are the different types of antibodies?

Answer 1

-Mouse
- Chimeric: the variable regions of a human antigen are switched to a mouse.
-Humanised: complementary determining regions are that of a mouse.
-Human

Question 2

What does the suffix mean for different antibodies?

Answer 2

u- human
o-mouse
xi-chimeric
zu-humanised
xi-zu- hybrid of chimeric and humanised
Disease targets
im-immune
es-infectious disease
vir-viral
mel-melanoma
col-colon.

Question 3

What are some examples of antibodies and where they target?

Answer 3

• Tocilizumab: anti-IL-6
• Abatacept (there is a fusion of Fc region of an antibody but the top part is a protein. anti-co-stimulation.
• Rituximab (chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD20 protein on a B cell causing its depletion. anti-CD20

Question 4

What are some functions of TNFa?

Answer 4

-prothrombic action
- induction of adhesion molecules
- Growth factor
- induces other cytokines
-regulates haematopoiesis
-autocrine activation and differentiation factor.
-defence against intracellular pathogens.
- comitogen for T and B cells.

Question 5

What are some examples of anti-TNFa and how they are administered?

Answer 5

-infliximab; IV
-Adalimumab(human); SC
- Etanercept; SC
- certolizumab pegol; SC

Question 6

What are biosimilars?

Answer 6

A biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from an existing FDA approved reference product.