Biological Treatments (Drug Therapy). Flashcards
What are antipsychotics?
Drugs used to reduce the intensity of symptoms e.g positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
What are the two types of antipsychotics?
Typical and a-typical.W
Which came first (Typical/A-Typical)?
Typical.
What is an example of a typical antipsychotic?
Originated in 1950- e.g Chlorpromazine.
What is Chlorpromazine?
Typical antipsychotic.
Taken by tablet, syrup, injection.
Dosage recommended max of 1000mg.
What did Chlorpromazine do on the dopamine system?
Acted as a dopamine antagonist (blocked the D2 receptors) reduced the positive symptoms of SZ.
What other effects did Chlorpromazine have?
Sedative- had an effect on the histamine receptors.
Often used to calm down patients when first admitted to hospital.
What was an issue with Chlorpromazine/typical antipsychotics?
Side effects - tardive dyskinesia)
Worsened negative symptoms in someone with already low levels of DA in cortical area.
Why were a-typical antipsychotics created?
Used since 1970s - created to maintain/improve effectiveness of drugs in regards to symptoms and also reduce side effects.
What was the initial issue with Clozapine (a-typical drug).
Caused a rare blood condition called agranulocytosis. (Loss of white blood cells).
Was taken of the shelves and re-distributed much later).
What is the dosage of Clozamine?
300-400MG.
What makes clozapine different to chlorpromazine?
It binds to DA receptors in the same way but in addition to this it acts on serotonin and glutamate receptors. Believed to help improve mood and reduce depression and anxiety in patients.
What is another example of an atypical drug?
Risperidone.
What is risperidone?
More recently developed.
Another attempt to reduce side effects.
Binds more strongly to receptors so MG is less (4-8mg daily)
Weakness of drug therapy?
Serious side effects.
Revolving door syndrome.
To care for patient or to subdue?
Informed consent?
