⭐️ biological therapies for SZ : drug therapy✅

Question 1

what is the dopamine hypothesis?

Answer 1

states that high levels of dopamine is responsible for causing SZ (hyperdopaminergia)

Question 2

what is the drug called?

what does it do?

what are the two types of anti?

Answer 2

• antipsychotic
• acts as an antagonist, stops things from happening
• typical and atypical

Question 3

what are the 3 ways anti’s can be taken?

Answer 3

1 - tablets
2- syrup
3- injection

Question 4

TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS:

when did they first come about?

what is the max dosage can have daily?

briefly, how do they work?

Answer 4

• 1950s
• 1000mg
• they block dopamine receptors in the synapses of the brain

Question 5

TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS:

what is the main type called?

what is the dopamine - antagonist effect?

Answer 5

• chlorpromazine

- normalises neurotransmission in key parts of the brain reducing symptoms such as hallucinations

Question 6

ATYPICAL ANITPSYCHOTICS:

when did they come about?

what are the two types?

what do they do?

Answer 6

• 1970s
• clozapine and risperidone
• suppress the symptoms of psychosis and minimises the side effects of sz

Question 7

ATYPICAL ANITPSYCHOTICS - clozapine:

what are they more effective then?

what does it cause? so what do patients receiving the medication need to do?

what receptors does clozapine bind with? what patients is it ideal for? why?

Answer 7

• typical anti’s
• fatal blood condition = agranulocytosis … regular blood tests to monitor
• serotonin and dopamine receptors, used for patients with co - morbidity, sz and depression … mood enhancing

Question 8

ATYPICAL ANITPSYCHOTICS - Risperidone

what is it less serious then?

what kind of dosage does it have to be? why?

Answer 8

• clozapine

- small dosage only, more effective and binds more closely to dopamine receptors then clozapine does

Question 9

ao3:

✅ strength

❌ 2 weaknesses

Answer 9

✅ evidence to support how both typical and atypical are effectiveness in reducing symptoms of SZ. research reviewed studies comparing the effects of chloP. patients had a placebo so their experiences were identical expect for the presence of chloP in their medication. showed chloP was associated with better overall functioning and reduced symptom severity and lower relapse rate

❌ argument of COSHH - believed anti’s are given to patients in hospital to calm them down to make it easier for staff to work with them as opposed for the patients benefit. although the national institute of health and care excellence (NICE) recommend the use of short-term antipsychotic treatment to calm agitated patients, it is seen as abuse of human rights. this can be considered unethical; as it controls their behaviour and drugs can be seen as dehumanising

❌ serious side effects of anti’s, range from mild to fatal, range of effect such ad dizziness, weight gain and itchy skin. Long term use can lead to tardive dyskinesia (dopamine supersensitise leads to involuntary facial movements such as blinking and lip smacking) most serious effect is neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) bc there drug blocks dopamine action in the hypothalamus, associated with the regulation of various body systems, leads to a coma. Also, clozapine, an atypical antipsych. Can lead to issues with the blood such as agranulocytosis