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Biological Theories Summary Flashcards

1
Q

XYY theory overview

A

Extra Y chromosome that occurs in 1 in 1000 males causes them to become criminals

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2
Q

Jacob’s research (1965)

A

Studied examined 198 Scottish prisoners for chromosomal abnormality through karyotyping

Found 12 had XYY

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3
Q

Studied examined 198 Scottish prisoners for chromosomal abnormality through karyotyping

A

Jacob’s (1965)

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4
Q

Why does XYY make men commit

A

Extra aggression from extra testosterone from Y chromosome

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5
Q

2 strengths of XYY

A

Research support (Jacob’s)

Interventions can be biologically focused

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6
Q

Weakness of XYY

A

Not valid because XYY prisoners weren’t in prison for violent crimes

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7
Q

What is a chromosome

A

A structure found in the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic information

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8
Q

Characteristics of XYY

A

Taller
Language problems
Coordination problems
Hand tremors
Behaviour problems

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9
Q

Taller
Language problems
Coordination problems
Hand tremors
Behaviour problems

A

Characteristics of XYY

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10
Q

Twin studies explanation of criminality

A

Becoming a criminal is environmental

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11
Q

Adoption studies researchers name

A

Hutchins and mednick

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12
Q

Atavistic features (name)

A

Lombroso

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13
Q

Lombrosos theory

A

Atavistic features

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14
Q

Atavistic features theory

A

Some people are born with a strong innate predisposition to antisocial behaviour

(You can spot a criminal from their physical features)

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15
Q

Some people are born with a strong innate predisposition to antisocial behaviour

(You can spot a criminal from their physical features)

A

Atavistic features

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16
Q

Lombroso’s research method

A

Studied facial features of 383 dead criminals and 3839 living

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17
Q

Studied facial features of 383 dead criminals and 3839 living

A

Lombroso’s research method

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18
Q

Lombroso’s research findings

A

Concluded 40% of criminal acts were committed by individuals with atavistic features

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19
Q

Concluded 40% of criminal acts were committed by individuals with atavistic features

A

Lombroso’s research findings

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20
Q

6 examples of atavistic features

A

Strong jaw
Heavy brow
Bloodshot eye
Curly hair
Thick lips
Protruding ears

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21
Q

Number of atavistic features a man needs to have

A

5+

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22
Q

Number of atavistic features a woman needs to have

A

3+

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23
Q

Lombroso’s view on tattoos

A

Markings of born criminals as they stood as evidence of immortality and insensitivity to pain

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24
Q

Markings of born criminals as they stood as evidence of immortality and insensitivity to pain

A

Lombroso’s views on tattoos

25
Innate definition
Characteristics you’re born with
26
Characteristics you’re born with
Innate
27
2 strengths of lombroso’s theory
Credibility (research evidence) Based on strong scientific research
28
2 weaknesses of Lombroso’s theory
Findings considered flawed (didn’t compare results with non-criminals) Reductionist
29
Sheldon’s theory
Somatotypes
30
Somatotypes (name)
Sheldon
31
Somatotype theory
Believed that there were 3 somatotypes which correspond to different personality types
32
Believed that there were 3 somatotypes which correspond to different personality types
Somatotype theory
33
3 somatotypes
Endomorph Mesomorph Ectomorph
34
Ectomorphs
Thin and fragile Sled conscious and private people
35
Thin and fragile Sled conscious and private people
Ectomorphs
36
Mesomorphs
Muscular and athletic Desire to dominate and aggressive
37
Muscular and athletic Desire to dominate and aggressive
Mesomorphs
38
Endomorph
Soft and fat Sociable and self indulgent
39
Soft and fat Sociable and self indulgent
Endomorphs
40
Sheldon’s research
Rated 200 students and 200 criminals and found that criminal delinquents were more likely to be rated as a mesomorph than students
41
Rated 200 students and 200 criminals and found that criminal delinquents were more likely to be rated as a mesomorph than students
Sheldon’s research
42
Supporting research name (somatotype)
Hartl et al
43
Hartl et al
Supporting research name (somatotype)
44
Hartl et al findings
Found that the most seriously delinquent of Sheldon’s sample had a mean Mesomorphy rating of 5
45
Found that the most seriously delinquent of Sheldon’s sample had a mean Mesomorphy rating of 5
Hartl et al
46
Sheldon’s reasons for mesomorphy + criminality
Mesomorphic builds reflect higher levels of testosterone which results in higher levels of aggression
47
2 strengths of Sheldon’s theory
Supporting research (Hartl et al) Methodology (good sized sample and had a control group to compare)
48
2 weaknesses of Sheldon’s theory
Reductionist May have negative effects on mesomorphic bodies (stereotyped)
49
XYY syndrome definition
A chromosomal disorder where a male is born with an extra Y (male) chromosome
50
A chromosomal disorder where a male is born with an extra Y (male) chromosome
XYY syndrome
51
Karyotyping
A process of pairing and ordering an individuals chromosome carried out using the individuals blood sample
52
A process of pairing and ordering an individuals chromosome carried out using the individuals blood sample
Karyotyping
53
2 strengths of XYY
Supporting research (alder et al) Help decide punishments (biologically focused interventions)
54
2 weaknesses of XYY
Not valid explanation (not in prison for violent crimes) Reductionist
55
Male MZ concordance rate
35%
56
Female MZ concordance rate
21
57
Make DZ concordance rate
13%
58
Female DZ Concordance rate
8%

Criminology (3 decks)

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