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Criminology > Biological Theories Summary > Flashcards

Biological Theories Summary Flashcards

1
Q

XYY theory overview

A

Extra Y chromosome that occurs in 1 in 1000 males causes them to become criminals

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2
Q

Jacob’s research (1965)

A

Studied examined 198 Scottish prisoners for chromosomal abnormality through karyotyping

Found 12 had XYY

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3
Q

Studied examined 198 Scottish prisoners for chromosomal abnormality through karyotyping

A

Jacob’s (1965)

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4
Q

Why does XYY make men commit

A

Extra aggression from extra testosterone from Y chromosome

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5
Q

2 strengths of XYY

A

Research support (Jacob’s)

Interventions can be biologically focused

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6
Q

Weakness of XYY

A

Not valid because XYY prisoners weren’t in prison for violent crimes

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7
Q

What is a chromosome

A

A structure found in the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic information

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8
Q

Characteristics of XYY

A

Taller
Language problems
Coordination problems
Hand tremors
Behaviour problems

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9
Q

Taller
Language problems
Coordination problems
Hand tremors
Behaviour problems

A

Characteristics of XYY

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10
Q

Twin studies explanation of criminality

A

Becoming a criminal is environmental

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11
Q

Adoption studies researchers name

A

Hutchins and mednick

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12
Q

Atavistic features (name)

A

Lombroso

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13
Q

Lombrosos theory

A

Atavistic features

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14
Q

Atavistic features theory

A

Some people are born with a strong innate predisposition to antisocial behaviour

(You can spot a criminal from their physical features)

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15
Q

Some people are born with a strong innate predisposition to antisocial behaviour

(You can spot a criminal from their physical features)

A

Atavistic features

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16
Q

Lombroso’s research method

A

Studied facial features of 383 dead criminals and 3839 living

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17
Q

Studied facial features of 383 dead criminals and 3839 living

A

Lombroso’s research method

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18
Q

Lombroso’s research findings

A

Concluded 40% of criminal acts were committed by individuals with atavistic features

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19
Q

Concluded 40% of criminal acts were committed by individuals with atavistic features

A

Lombroso’s research findings

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20
Q

6 examples of atavistic features

A

Strong jaw
Heavy brow
Bloodshot eye
Curly hair
Thick lips
Protruding ears

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21
Q

Number of atavistic features a man needs to have

A

5+

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22
Q

Number of atavistic features a woman needs to have

A

3+

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23
Q

Lombroso’s view on tattoos

A

Markings of born criminals as they stood as evidence of immortality and insensitivity to pain

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24
Q

Markings of born criminals as they stood as evidence of immortality and insensitivity to pain

A

Lombroso’s views on tattoos

25
Q

Innate definition

A

Characteristics you’re born with

26
Q

Characteristics you’re born with

A

Innate

27
Q

2 strengths of lombroso’s theory

A

Credibility (research evidence)

Based on strong scientific research

28
Q

2 weaknesses of Lombroso’s theory

A

Findings considered flawed (didn’t compare results with non-criminals)

Reductionist

29
Q

Sheldon’s theory

A

Somatotypes

30
Q

Somatotypes (name)

A

Sheldon

31
Q

Somatotype theory

A

Believed that there were 3 somatotypes which correspond to different personality types

32
Q

Believed that there were 3 somatotypes which correspond to different personality types

A

Somatotype theory

33
Q

3 somatotypes

A

Endomorph

Mesomorph

Ectomorph

34
Q

Ectomorphs

A

Thin and fragile

Sled conscious and private people

35
Q

Thin and fragile

Sled conscious and private people

A

Ectomorphs

36
Q

Mesomorphs

A

Muscular and athletic

Desire to dominate and aggressive

37
Q

Muscular and athletic

Desire to dominate and aggressive

A

Mesomorphs

38
Q

Endomorph

A

Soft and fat

Sociable and self indulgent

39
Q

Soft and fat

Sociable and self indulgent

A

Endomorphs

40
Q

Sheldon’s research

A

Rated 200 students and 200 criminals and found that criminal delinquents were more likely to be rated as a mesomorph than students

41
Q

Rated 200 students and 200 criminals and found that criminal delinquents were more likely to be rated as a mesomorph than students

A

Sheldon’s research

42
Q

Supporting research name (somatotype)

A

Hartl et al

43
Q

Hartl et al

A

Supporting research name (somatotype)

44
Q

Hartl et al findings

A

Found that the most seriously delinquent of Sheldon’s sample had a mean Mesomorphy rating of 5

45
Q

Found that the most seriously delinquent of Sheldon’s sample had a mean Mesomorphy rating of 5

A

Hartl et al

46
Q

Sheldon’s reasons for mesomorphy + criminality

A

Mesomorphic builds reflect higher levels of testosterone which results in higher levels of aggression

47
Q

2 strengths of Sheldon’s theory

A

Supporting research (Hartl et al)

Methodology (good sized sample and had a control group to compare)

48
Q

2 weaknesses of Sheldon’s theory

A

Reductionist

May have negative effects on mesomorphic bodies (stereotyped)

49
Q

XYY syndrome definition

A

A chromosomal disorder where a male is born with an extra Y (male) chromosome

50
Q

A chromosomal disorder where a male is born with an extra Y (male) chromosome

A

XYY syndrome

51
Q

Karyotyping

A

A process of pairing and ordering an individuals chromosome carried out using the individuals blood sample

52
Q

A process of pairing and ordering an individuals chromosome carried out using the individuals blood sample

A

Karyotyping

53
Q

2 strengths of XYY

A

Supporting research (alder et al)

Help decide punishments (biologically focused interventions)

54
Q

2 weaknesses of XYY

A

Not valid explanation (not in prison for violent crimes)

Reductionist

55
Q

Male MZ concordance rate

A

35%

56
Q

Female MZ concordance rate

A

21

57
Q

Make DZ concordance rate

A

13%

58
Q

Female DZ Concordance rate

A

8%

Criminology (3 decks)

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