Biological Stressors Terms Flashcards
Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference
organization made of federal and state agencies and the seafood industry that regulate molluscan seafood safety in the US. Executive offices are in Columbia, SC
What was the number estimate of health care costs for foodborne illness Todd (1991 )in the US?
4.8-23 billion
What was the settlement cost of EXXON VALDEZ oil spill?
1.28 billion
What was the settlement cost of deepwater horizon oil spill?
4 Billion
What is CDC’s (2001) estimated costs of Food Borne Illnesses estimated in the US including (1) 76 million cases of food-borne illnesses/year; (2) 325,000 hospitalizations/year; (3) 5,200 deaths/year and (4) Health Care Costs?
1 billion
What is the annual cost on the order for marine- borne pathogens in the USA?
900 million
What is the health care costs due to pathogens and marine toxins specifically identified as causing food-borne disease in the US
350 million
What is the Meades (1991) estimate of food borne illness impacts in the USC using CDC data
76,000,000 Illnesses and > 5,200 Deaths
What is antibiotic resistance?
propensity of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics making infections more difficult to treat and may often lead to death
What are the foods often consumed raw and are the highest risk foods and some of the leading causes of food borne illness
Seafood and fruits/ vegetables
What is the term for the incubation zone for most bacteria and viruses causing food-borne illnesses
Room Temperature
What is the term for infectious agent is consumed as a toxin produced in food that poisons the host.
Food intoxification
What is the term for the infectious agent is consumed in food as a live agent or organisms that produces disease in the host.
Food Infection
What is the bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum that can live in the absence of oxygen
Facultative Anaerobe
What does HACCP mean?
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points such as temperature used to control pathogens that may cause food-borne illnesses
What is a virus that causes disease outbreaks on cruise ships, schools and health care facilities, which is an example of a food infection and is the leading cause of food-borne illness today
Norwalk Agent
What is the name of a one-celled parasite that can cause a gastrointestinal illness called Cryptosporidiosis and is one of the leading causes of human illness in the US for food and water.
Crytosporidium
How does cryptosporidium occur?
Occurs in the feces of infected animals or humans
How many estimated cases and number of deaths per year are there for cryptosporidium in the U.S?
300,000 cases and 66 deaths per year in the US
What is giardia?
a diarrheal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lamblia or Giardia duodenalis).
Where is the parasitte for giardia found?
The parasite is found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces (poop) from infected humans or animals.
What is a dangerous bacteria, known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, that has been spreading around the country causes more life-threatening infections than public health authorities had thought and is killing more people in the United States each year than the AIDS virus, federal health officials reported at the CDC
MRSA = Methicillin Resistant Staph aureus
How many serious infections and deaths each year occurs from MRSA?
more than 94,000 serious infections and nearly 19,000 deaths each year
What are food preservation methods that prevent food borne illnesses?
Low acid canned foods
What are crops which grow mold which produces Aflatoxins?
Peanuts and grains
What is the bacterium which is one of the leading causes of food-borne illnesses and is the prime example of a food intoxification as it forms toxins which make you ill?
Staph. Aureus
What is is a bacterium which is an obligate parasite and facultative anaerobe (can live in the absence of oxygen) that produces a spore stage when it encounters poor living conditions. Thus it may grow well inside of a can of food and may produce a deadly toxin.
Clostridium botulinum
What is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium of the genus Clostridium. In the United Kingdom and US, C. perfringens bacteria are the third-most-common cause of food-borne illness, with poorly prepared meat and poultry the main culprits in harboring the bacterium.
Clostridium perfringens
What is the causative agent of food infections in the US, one of the leading causes of food borne illness in the US
Salmonella
What is a free living marine pathogen, very common cause of illness after natural disasters such as the Earthquake in Haiti.
Vibrio cholera
What is a free living marine pathogen which is the leading cause of death from seafood consumption in the US
Vibrio vulnificus
What is the bacteria which accounts for 4% of all cases of gastroenteritis in the US. Most cases occur in June - Sept. time frame (warm months) and in 18-30 year old individuals. Immuno-deficient individuals have the more severe illnesses with bloody diarrhea mimicking Crohn’s Disease and may have arthritis like symptoms. Common in hamburger and clams
Camplylobacter jejuni
This poisoning is caused by the spoilage of deep sea fish such as tuna, bonita and mackeral, which are very prone to spoilage. During Spoilage, the amino acid Histadine is converted to Histamine (Sourine).
Scombroid Poisonings
