Biological & Sociological Theories

Question 1

Lombrosso 4 features?

Answer 1

Innate predisposition
Physiognomy
Atavistic features
Distinct physical features making them different from normal people

Question 2

Lombrosso positive?

Answer 2

Garland: Scientific credibility, neuro-psychology, recent studies= MAOA gene meaning a genetic origin to crime supporting his early ideas

Question 3

Lombrosso negative?

Answer 3

Goring: Thousands of prisoners none of which had features he identified meaning a lack of reliability and difficult to replicate

Question 4

Marxism 4 features?

Answer 4

Capitalism create crime through exploitation and drive for profit.
Proletariat commit crime due to oppression faced.
Bourgeoisie create laws that suit them.
Social classes are policed differently.

Question 5

Marxism positive?

Answer 5

Utilitarian and Non utilitarian crime covered.
Capitalist commit crime that harm proletariat but these aren’t judged as seriously.
Marxism draws attention to these crimes better than others

Question 6

Marxism negative?

Answer 6

Ignores other factors such as gender:
Heidensohn-4/5 offenders are men
Suggesting gender has a bigger influence than social structure