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ESA1 - Physiology and Pharmacology > Biological signalling molecules > Flashcards

Biological signalling molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What is an endogenous signalling molecule?

A

Found within the body

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2
Q

What is an exogenous I signalling molecule?

A

Natural, plant based

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3
Q

What is an exogenous II signalling molecules?

A

Synthetic (man made)

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4
Q

What are some parameters under homeostatic control?

A 
Temperature
pH
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
Ions
Water
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5
Q

Below what temperature is considered hypothermic?

A

35 degrees Celsius

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6
Q

At what temperature does cardiac fibrillation occur?

A

26-28 degrees

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7
Q

At what temperature range is regulation of own temperature impaired?

A

30-34 degrees

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8
Q

Where are the receptors for amines and peptides to proteins found?

A

On the plasma membrane (not lipid soluble)

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9
Q

Where are the receptors for lipophilic molecules eg steroids found?

A

Intracellular/nuclear

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10
Q

What do amine endocrine signalling molecules do?

A

Cause change in membrane potential

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11
Q

What do peptide to protein signalling molecules do?

A

Triggers synthesis of second messengers and protein kinase synthesis

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12
Q

What do steroid signalling molecules do?

A

Controls transcription and stability of mRNAs

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13
Q

Over what distance do paracrine signalling molecules operate?

A

20nm

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14
Q

Which type of signalling molecules are neurotransmitters?

A

Paracrine

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15
Q

What are some examples of local chemical mediators?

A

Cytokines eg histamine

Prostaglandins

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16
Q

What is propanolol used for?

A

Treatment of hypertension - antagonises adrenaline/noradrenaline

17
Q

What is used to treat Parkinsonism?

A

Dopamine precursors and agents to inhibit its breakdown

18
Q

Name one example of an antidepressant

A

Fluoxetine - slows reuptake of serotonin

19
Q

What can be used to treat epilepsy?

A

GABA receptor modulators

20
Q

What can be used to treat migraines?

A

Serotonin agonists

21
Q

What can be used to treat inflammation?

A

Steroids - block inflammatory signal of local mediators

22
Q

What can be used to treat moderate pain?

A

NSAIDs block local mediator pain signal

23
Q

What can be used to treat respiratory inflammatory responses?

A

Adrenergic agonists

Leukotriene antagonists

24
Q

What does the mnemonic RITE stand for?

A

Receptors
Ion channels
Transporters
Enzymes

(Signalling molecule targets)

25
Q

What does the mnemonic KING stand for?

A

Types of receptors

Kinase-linked receptors
Ion channels (ligand gated)
Nuclear/intracellular
G-protein coupled receptors

26
Q

What do kinase linked receptors do?

A

Act via phosphorylation of certain groups

27
Q

What do ionotropic receptors do?

A

Ligand binds, allow ions currents and voltage change driving or modulating action potential generation in neurones and contraction in muscle

28
Q

What do nuclear/intracellular receptors do?

A

Ligand needs to be lipid soluble eg steroids

Can bind to gene transcription factor to activate/inactivate genes

ESA1 - Physiology and Pharmacology (11 decks)

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