Biological Sciences Flashcards
What is Homeostasis?
The maintenance of physical chemical and social conditions by the living system. This maintains the optimal function of the organism (Equilibrium).
What factors are controlled through Homeostasis?
Body Temperature
Water/ Fluid Levels
Blood Glucose concentration
Ph
Salt concentration
What is the afferent pathway?
The afferent pathways transmit information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?
What is the efferent pathway?
The efferent pathway transmits motor information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands?
What is a stimulus?
It is a detectable change (physical or chemical) in the environment of an organism that results in some functional activity.
What is microcirculation?
Capillaries, Arterioles and Venules.
What lifestyle choice increases rigidity of red blood cells?
Smoking
What is pathology?
The study of disease and injury. Can be diagnostic or forensic.
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
A process off forming a high energy phosphate bond using oxygen to form ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate) from ADP and a phosphate group.
What is Apoptosis?
The process of programmed cell death where cell membranes are punctured by perforin and cause cells to shrink and die.
What is Glycolysis?
The process in which glucose is broken down into 2x pyruvate and 2x ATP (one is used up) 2x NADH and water. Provides energy in the form of ATP without oxygen.
What is the Cytoskeleton and what is its function?
It is a dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It provides structure and internal organisation to cells.
Function of the Nucleus?
The nucleus serves both as the store of genetic information and as the cell’s control centre.
Function of the Lysosomes?
They degrade waste within the cells (dead organelle) and external components entering the cell.
Function of the Mitochondria?
They generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. (ATP)
