Biological Samples and DNA

Question 1

Which cases involve biological samples?

Answer 1

Assaults
Road traffic accidents
Murder/suicide
Industrial accidents
Major disasters

Question 2

Are biological samples limited?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

who sometimes collect biological samples meaning FS have no choice?

Answer 3

pathologists

Question 4

what makes a sample admirable in court?

Answer 4

Had to be a correct sampling technique used and good storage

Question 5

When doe chain of custody begin?

Answer 5

before the sample is taken

Question 6

When must the Human Tissue Act 2004?

Answer 6

If tissue is taken from a individual there must be permission and it must be stored/disposed of properly. For a living individual - invasiveness of sample collection should be considered.

Question 7

When can biological samples be taken?

Answer 7

antemortem (living)
peri-mortem ( time of death)
post mortar (after death)

Question 8

Who developed the ABO system and when?

Answer 8

Landsteiner in 1901

Question 9

what produce antibodies and why?

Answer 9

lymphocytes when a foreign substance is in the body

Question 10

what antigen does blood group A have?

Answer 10

antien A

Question 11

what antigen does blood group B have?

Answer 11

antigen B

Question 12

what antigens do blood group O have?

Answer 12

none

Question 13

what antigens do blood group AB have?

Answer 13

both A and B

Question 14

When was the rhesus system developed and by who?

Answer 14

1930 by Landsteiner and Weiner

Question 15

the rhesus monkey antigen is presents tin how many humans?

Answer 15

85%

Question 16

who developed DNA fingerprinting and when?

Answer 16

Dr Alec Jeffreys in 1984

Question 17

what is dNA made from?

Answer 17

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate backbone and nucleotides

Question 18

what are the four nucleotides?

Answer 18

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine,

Question 19

how many hydrogen bonds does AT have?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

how many hydrogen bonds does CG have?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

How many chromosomes does a person have?

Answer 21

46 or 23 pairs

Question 22

Where can DNA be found?

Answer 22

White blood cells
		Sperm cells
			Hair follicle cells
			Sweat
			Saliva
			Fingerprint residues

Question 23

how is DNA extracted?

Answer 23

concentration of cellular material, purification, breaking-up cells, transfer DNA into solution.

Question 24

How do you analyse DNA fragments?

Answer 24

gel electrophoresis

Question 25

How many `DNA profiles does NDNAD contain?

Answer 25

5 million

Question 26

what happens if you’re arrested ?

Answer 26

DNA is added to the system

Question 27

which was the earliest method used?

Answer 27

blood typing

Question 28

Why is DNA profiling better than Blood typing?

Answer 28

Ability to individualise the source