Biological Rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

Diurnal animals are active…

A

During the day

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2
Q

True or False: Crepuscular animals are active only at dawn

A

False: active at dawn or dusk (or both)

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3
Q

Circadian rhythms refer to…

A

revolution of the earth

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4
Q

Circatidal rhythms revolve around..

A

tides

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5
Q

Biological rhythms dictated by the season are called…

A

circannual

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6
Q

Phase of the moon

A

circalunar

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7
Q

An example of a rhythm lasting more than one day is

A

a infradian rhythm: menstrual cycle

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8
Q

True or False: in hamsters LH levels vary by hour, day and yearly

A

True

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9
Q

What was De Mairans’ isolation experiment?

A

leaves/petals open/close with the sun (even when in a box) - this indicates and internal or endogenous behavior

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10
Q

Which is NOT evidence for endogenous clocks:

  • behavior away from geophysical cues (e.g. spacecraft)
  • individual differences in absence of environmental cues
  • individuals housed together adopt similar rhythms
  • pattern can be transfered by tissue transplants
A

individuals housed together adopt similar rhythms

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11
Q

Zeitgeber

A

a potent environmental cue which regulates onset of rhythmic activities
Ex. Temp, rain, light

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12
Q

True or False: when exposed to constant dim lighting, hamsters will wheel run only in the time that would be night

A

False: constant dim light results in free running with a period of greater than 23 hours representing the endogenous circadian rhythm of the individual

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13
Q

True or False: Sleep is an example of an Ultradian rhythm

A

True: Ultradian - meaning less than one day

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14
Q

Parental behavior in rabbits is an example of

A

Circadian rhythms

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15
Q

Locomotor activity in fiddler crabs is an example of circalunar rhythms

A

False: fiddler crabs are circatidal rhyms while ant lion hunting behavior is circalunar

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16
Q

An exaple of a circannual rhythm is

A

animal migratory patterns and reproductive patterns/rhythms

17
Q

Which is Generally NOT true about circadian clocks:

  • inherited
  • independent of temperature
  • independent of chemical influence
  • entrain to limited cycle lengths
  • independent of species
  • independent of behavioral feedback
  • found at every level of organization
A

Independent of species

18
Q

True or False: the brain is the fundamental level of circadian clocks

A

False: plants don’t have brains, neither do single cell organisms, all which have circadian rhythms

19
Q

Which of these is NOT an important gene involving circadian rhythms:

  • per
  • mat
  • time
  • cry
20
Q

Name three examples of circadian oscillators

A
  • eyes of amphibians
  • Pineal glands of fish, reptiles and birds
  • SCN of mammals
21
Q

True or false: the activity of SCN neurons peaks about 12 hours after lights are turned off

A

FALSE: peaks ~ 4 hours after lights are turned ON

22
Q

The three components of mammalian biological clocks are…

A
  • environmental light transduced via photoreceptors
  • oscillators in SCN
  • temporal information leaves SCN to synchronize behavior and physiology
23
Q

True or False: Providing estrogen to hamsters results in the loss of scalloping activity

A

False: Estrogen induces scalloping activity and can be eliminated by OVX

24
Q

True or False: Castration lengthen and androgens replacement restores the period of free-running locomotor behavior in male mice

25
Circannual LH surges in ews are stimulated by
photoperiod
26
True or False: Melatonin is secreted during the day in nocturnal animals
False: melatonin is only secreted at night in all animals
27
T/F: high concentrations of steroid hormones completely inhibits secretion of GnRH and LH and this suppresses secretion of steroid hormones by gonads in Syrian hamsters and leads to gonadal regression
FALSE: low concentrations of steroid hormones
28
T/F: Syrian hamsters must emerge into the light in the spring to activate the regrowth of their gonads
FALSE: In the absence of light, the gonads regrow and beging to produce steroid hormones and gametes in the spring - even when day length is much less than what is required to maintain the reproductive systems in the fall
29
Phase delay when flying
WEST
30
Phase advance when flying
EAST