Biological Reactions & Enzymes Flashcards
Protein Nature of Enzymes, Sites of Enzyme Action, Active sites, Enzymes and Activation Energy, Course of an Enzyme-Controlled Reaction, Factors affecting Enzyme Action, Enzyme Inhibition & Immobilised Enzymes
Metabolism Definition
All chemical processes happening in an organism, comprising of anabolic and catabolic.
Catabolic Definition
Breaking down molecules
Anabolic Definition
Building up molecules
What type of protein are enzymes ?
Tertiary globular proteins
What makes enzymes soluble ?
Hydrophilic R groups
What determines an enzyme shape ?
The sequence of amino acids and the bonds they make with eachother
What is an active site ?
Specific 3D shape on an enzyme to which the substrate binds to.
Extracellular enzymes
Enzymes secreted by exocytosis and catalyse outside outside
Intracellular enzymes
Intracellular (in soloution) - catalyse in solution within a cell
Intracellular (membrane-bound) - enzyme attached to a membrane
Lock and Key theory
Active site of an enzyme is specific to its substrate. Any substrate which doesn’t complement it will not bind together.
Induced Fit theory
Active site changes shape, induced by the substrate so that they can bind closely. The active site is flexible.
Lysozyme Induced Fit
- Lysozyme is an anti-bacterial enzyme
- The active site is a groove and sugars on bacterial cell fit.
- The groove closes over the sugars and hydrolyses the bacteria bonds.
- The cell wall is weakened causing it to absorb water and burst
Activation energy
Minimum energy for particles to collide for a chemical reaction to occur.
Effect of Temperature on Enzyme
- Increased temperature increases kinetic energy
- Movement of particles - more collisions
Denature
- 40 degrees
- Vibrations due to kinetic energy break hydrogen bonds, changing enzyme active site shape
