Biological Psychology Part 1 Study Guide Flashcards
study guide for Friday 10/24/2024
What does a motor neuron do? What do sensory neurons do?
Mor neurons (which are efferent) carry instructions from the central neuron system outwards to the body’s muscle and glands. Sensory neurons carry messages from the body’s tissue and sensory receptors inwards (thus they are different) to the brain and spinal cord for processing
What happens when the Peripheral Nervous System is activated?
stimulating digestion, activating the sweat response, controlling blood flow, and regulating heart rate.
- most of the PNS lies outside of the brain and spinal cord, carrying sensory information to motor information away from the CNS via spinal and cranial nerves
What happens when the central Nervous System is activated? (CNS)
Is the brain and spinal cord. Controls thoughts, movement, and emotion, as well as breathing, heart rate, hormones, and body temperature.
What happens when Autonomic Nervous System is activated?
Regulates certain body processes, such as blood pressure and the rate of breathing.
- Subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, whose functions are antagonistic
What happens when Somatic nervous System is activated ?
voluntary controls of body movements via skeletal muscles
- One subdivision is the Somatic nervous System (SNS) whose motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle
What happens when Sympathetic Nervous System is activated?
- FIGHT OR FLIGHT
Speeds things up - Sympathetic stimulation results in responses that help the body deal with stressful events
What happens when Parasympathetic Nervous System is activated?
REST AND DIGEST
-Pumps the brakes
Parasympathetic stimulation results in maintenance of homeostasis, digestive processes, and calming following Sympathetic stimulation
What is a neurotransmitter?
Chemical messengers that allow neurons to communicate with each other thought out the body
What is a refractory period?
neurons need short breaks (a tiny fraction of an eyeblink). During a resting pause called the refractory period, subsequent actions potential cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state
Function of Acetylcholine
Enables muscle action, learning, and memory
Function of Norepinephrine
Helps control alertness and arousal
Function of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
slows down your brain by blocking specific signals in your central nervous System
Function of Dopamine
Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
Difference between an agonist and an antagonist
Agonist excite by mimicking particular neurotransmitters or by blocking their reuptake. Antagonist inhibits a particular neurotransmitters release or block items effect
What is Withdrawal? What causes it?
When the body responds to the reduction or cessation of a substance after prolonged use
What is tolerance? What causes it?
A person’s diminished response to a drug , which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presence of the drug
Depressants
They affect the Central nervous system, slowing down the messages between the brain and body.
Slows brain activity and induce feeling of drowsiness, relaxation, and pain relief
Stimulants
Exhilaration, extended wakefulness, and loss of appetite.
Hallucinogens
Ecstasy enhances mood and produces feelings of empathy and intimacy
Opioids
Reduce the perception of pain, and can also cause drowsiness, confusion, euphoria, nausea, and constipation
What do the left and right hemisphere control? What are their major functions?
Right brain controls left hand, Left brain controls right hand.
The left brain is more verbal, analytical, and orderly than the right brain
What is Broca’s area responsible for? What is Werenicke responsible for? What happens when these areas are damaged?
Broca’s area, which controls speaking ability, and Wernicke’s area, which controls selection and understanding
If damaged global aphasia can occur
Hippocampus
Plays a major role in forming new memories
*remember the HIPPO went to college- when he gets on CAMPUS he will make new memories
Medulla
Mangages vital functions like breathing and heart rate-without it, you wouldn’t survive.
