Biological Psychology

Question 1

Monism

Answer 1

Only one is real - the physical (materialism) or spiritual (idealism)

Question 2

Dualism

Answer 2

Both the physical and spiritual exist - Descartes claimed that there is a brain and a mind, and that they interact in the pineal gland.

Question 3

Phrenology is the study of?

Answer 3

The bumps and shape of a skull in relation to specific personality traits, trying to match them to different areas of the brain.

Question 4

Paul Broca (1824-1880)’s patient, Leborgne’s struggled with:

Answer 4

Speaking more than simple words

Question 5

Broca’s Area is responsible for:

Answer 5

Language comprehension and production.

Question 6

Leborgne’s condition:

Answer 6

• Understood and could answer questions in non-verbal manner

- Was able to produce speech sounds, meaning that his problems weren’t in the muscles.

Question 7

Leborgne was diagnosed with:

Answer 7

Aphasia (a.k.a. Broca’s Aphasia)

Question 8

What does Multi-sensory perception mean?

Answer 8

That our brains have lots of connections between different sensory pathways.

Question 9

What are key features of cross-modal correspondences?

Answer 9

Polarities (when stimulus is experienced as “more than” or “less than” another stimulus)
Universality (all or most individuals share the same pattern of correspondences)

Question 10

How are cross-modal correspondences made?

Answer 10

Through structural regularities taken from our environment, they shape our vocabulary, ultimately leading to the brain developing mechanisms to process these through newly developed mappings within the brain.

Question 11

How do audio-visual correspondences alter our perception?

Answer 11

The speed of information processing, and the cross-modal associations which can modulate audio-visual integration at a perceptual level.

Question 12

List the Brain areas important for movement. (5)

Answer 12

Cerebrum, Brainstem, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum and Spinal Cord.

Question 13

Areas of the Primary Motor Cortex are responsible for…

Answer 13

control of the specific areas of the opposite sides of the body.

Question 14

The functions of the Motor Homunculus:

Answer 14

It maps the association of the cortex with body parts.

Question 15

Some of the larger parts on the Homunculus:

Answer 15

Hands, Lips and face - because of the fine motor skills found in them.

Question 16

Where can you find the Primary Motor Cortex?

Answer 16

It is located in the Precentral Gyrus, which is in the Frontal Lobe of the brain.

Question 17

What are the functions of the Primary Motor Cortex?

Answer 17

It is involved in executing skilled movements. It is active when people intend to make a movement.

Question 18

What does the Motor Cortex do?

Answer 18

It is involved in the control of voluntary movement.

Question 19

What can you find in the Motor Cortex?

Answer 19

The Premotor Cortex, Supplementary Cortex and Primary Motor Cortex.

Question 20

What can be found in the Cerebral Cortex?

Answer 20

Prefrontal Cortex, Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Cortex.