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Intro To Psych > Biological Psychology > Flashcards

Biological Psychology Flashcards

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0
Q

Name the parts of the Neurons

A

Soma: of cell body

Dendrite: branches that receive messages and relay them to the cell

Axon: transports info in the form of electrochemical reactions from the cell body to the end of the neuron

Axon Terminals: house ventricles that contain neurotransmitters

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1
Q

Name the types of cells in the nervous system.

A

Neurons: send and receive messages throughout the body

Glial: specialized cells that are responsible for immune response, removing waste, and synchronizing the billions of Neurons.

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2
Q

What is myelin and what kind of cell is it?

A

Glial cell

Insulates axons and increases efficiency and speed of neural communication

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3
Q

What is resting potential and at what charge does it rest?

A

The relatively stable state when the neuron isn’t transmitting messages.

-70 mV

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4
Q

A positive electrical charge that is carried away from the cell body and down the length of the axon is a(n)

A

Action potential

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5
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

Produce myelin

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6
Q

The Neurons will fire when the ions on the inside of the cell body are

A

When they shift to a threshold more positive than the resting potential

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7
Q

How do sensory and motor nerves differ?

A

Sensory nerves carry messages toward the brain while motor nerves carry it away

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8
Q

For a trait to evolve, it must have a(n)…basis

A

Heritable

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9
Q

Evolution is best defined as

A

A change in gene frequency over generations

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10
Q

The chemical units that provide instructions on how specific proteins are to be produced are called

A

Genes

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11
Q

A person who is homozygous for a trait

A

Has identical copies of a gene

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12
Q

What is epigenetics?

A

The study of changes in gene expression that occur as a result of experience and that do not alter the genetic code

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13
Q

What is behavioural genetics?

A

The study of how genes and the environment influence behaviour

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14
Q

What is behavioural genomics?

A

The study of DNA and the ways in which specific genes are related to behaviour

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15
Q

What is the space between a axon terminal and dendrite called?

A

The synaptic cleft

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16
Q

Name the 6 neurotransmitters

A

Glutamate

GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

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17
Q

What is the major function of serotonin

A

Regulation of mood, sleep, aggression and appetite

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18
Q

What is the major function of norepinephrine?

A

Memory; paying attention to new and important stimuli. Also regulates sleep and mood

19
Q

What is the major function of Dopamine

A

Controls movement, cognition and attention, as well as reward seeking behaviour

20
Q

What is the major function of acetylcholine?

A

Movement and attention

21
Q

What is the major function of GABA

A

Inhibits brain activity, lowers arousal, anxiety, excitation and facilitates sleep

22
Q

What is the major function of Glutamate

A

Excites nervous system. Responsible for memory and autonomic nervous system reactions

23
Q

Describe the 2 effects drugs have on neurotransmitters

A

Agonists: enhance or mimic the effects of neurotransmitters

Antagonists: inhibits by blocking receptors/preventing synthesis of new neurotransmitters

24
Q

What is an endorphin?

A

A hormone produced by pituitary gland/hypothalamus that reduces pain and induces feelings of pleasure

25
Q

What’s are the two components of the nervous system?

A

Peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system

26
Q

What two structures make up the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

27
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

28
Q

The autonomic nervous system consists of two divisions; what are they?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

29
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?

A

Fight or flight response

30
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?

A

Maintains homeostasis

31
Q

What are the different structures/regions of the brain

A

Hindbrain

Midbrain

Forebrain

Cerebral cortex

32
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal lobe: thought, language, planning, movement

Parietal lobe: sensory processing, bodily awareness

Occipital lobe: visual processing

Temporal lobe: hearing, object recognition, language and emotion

33
Q

What are the parts of the midbrain and what are they responsible for?

A

Superior colliculus: orientating visual attentions

Inferior colliculus: orientating auditory attention

34
Q

What structures make up the Forebrain?

A

Basal Ganglia: movement and reward processing

Amygdala: emotion

Hippocampus: memory

Hypothalamus: temperature regulation, motivation

Thalamus: sensory relay station

35
Q

What connects the two halves of the brain?

A

Corpus callisum

36
Q

What is the left brain responsible for:

A

Language production

Language comprehension

Word recognition

Arithmetic

Moving the right side

37
Q

What does the right side of the brain do?

A

Visuospatial skills

Emotional inotation

Face recognition

Attention

Left body movement

38
Q

The ability to hear is based in which of the cerebral lobes?

A

Temporal

39
Q

Why would a person who underwent a split-brain operation be unable to name an object presented in his left field of vision but be able to correctly point to the same object

A

The right hemisphere is responsible for image perception, not language perception

40
Q

Damage to the somatosensory cortex would most likely result in what impairments

A

Lost or distorted sensations in the region of the body corresponding to the damaged area

41
Q

What is lesioning?

A

A technique in which researchers intentionally damage an area of the brain

42
Q

What is TMS?

A

Trans cranial magnetic stimulation

An emp is delivered to a targeted region of the brain. Might disrupt ability or improve

43
Q

What are the three structural imaging techniques?

A

Computerized tomography: X-rays are sent through a tube that rotates the head

MRI: using magnetic field to determine the absorption and release of energy while in said field

Diffusion tensor imaging: measures white matter pathways in the brain

44
Q

What is functional neuroimaging and the tests done?

A

EEG: measures brain activity with the use of multiple electrodes

Magnetoencephalography: measures tiny magnetic fields created by the electrical activities of nerve cells

Positron emission tomography: a low level radioactive isotope is injected into the bloodstream and it’s movement through the blood in the brain while engaged in a particular task

Intro To Psych (3 decks)

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