Biological Psychology

Question 1

What was the aim of sperry study?

Answer 1

to investigate the effect of hemisphere deconnection on perception and memory

Question 2

What was the sample of sperry study?

Answer 2

11 patients with epilepsy who had undergone a commissurotomy

Question 3

what is lateralisation?

Answer 3

the limiting of a particular brain function to one side of the brain

Question 4

what is contralateral control?

Answer 4

movement of each side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain.

Question 5

What is the design used?

Answer 5

sperry used a lab experiment where he controlled specific varibles he also used a repeated measures design?

Question 6

What is a repeated measures design?

Answer 6

an experimental design where the same participants take part in each condition of the experiment.

Question 7

Reason the participants had undergone disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 7

They had a history of advanced epilepsy that couldn’t be controlled by medication

Question 8

what is the Corpus callosum?

Answer 8

The bundle of nerve fibres that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 9

The type of sample?

Answer 9

Oppurtunity sample

Question 10

How the individual’s vision is divided?

Answer 10

Into the left and right visual fields

Question 11

Length of time the stimuli was flashed for?

Answer 11

1/10 second or less

Question 12

Reason the stimuli were only flashed for small periods of time?

Answer 12

It is too fast for the person’s eye to move to allow information into the other half of the visual field

Question 13

How is further control added to the study?

Answer 13

The participants had to cover one of their eyes

Question 14

The reason the split is not noticed in real life?

Answer 14

The information is received by touch and sight in both visual fields so reaches both hemispheres anyway

Question 15

What happens if the same material shown to the RVF is shown to the LVF?

Answer 15

The participant will insist that they did not see it, but can point to the object among a collection

Question 16

3 functions of the left hemisphere

Answer 16

Logical components, sequences, language

Question 17

5 functions of the right hemisphere

Answer 17

Whole picture, patterns, images, music, creativity

Question 18

Reason Sperry’s study has low ecological validity?

Answer 18

The visual and tactile information is separated and this would not happen in any real life situations

Question 19

How Sperry’s research is useful?

Answer 19

It revealed the lateralisation of the functions between the two hemispheres

Question 20

What was the aim of casey et al?

Answer 20

to test whether delay of gratification in childhood predicts impulse self control in adulthood

Question 21

What was the sample used in casey et al?

Answer 21

original group - 562 participants ages 4
Experiment 1 - 59 participants
Experiment 2 - 27 participants

Question 22

what was the sample in experiment 1 seperated into

Answer 22

high and low delayers

Question 23

Where was the experiment done

Answer 23

participants own homes on their laptops

Question 24

what was the go no task

Answer 24

the participants were asked to either press a button (go) or withold the button (no go) when presented a stimuli

Question 25

What was one of the controls used in experiment 1

Answer 25

Participants were asked to respond as quickly and most accurate as possible

Question 26

What design did casey use

Answer 26

a 2x2 factorial design used in the presentation of facial stimuli

Question 27

What piece of scientific equipment was used in experiment 2

Answer 27

fMri scan

Question 28

What differed between experiment 1 and experiment 2

Answer 28

Participants were being scanned using a fMri scan while completing a hot version of the go no go task

Question 29

How long was the stimuli presented in Experiment 2

Answer 29

500milliseconds

Question 30

What are the hot and cold cues

Answer 30

Hot cues were happy expressions in stimuli Cold cues were neutral/fearful expressions in stimuli

Question 31

What were the key results in Experiment 1

Answer 31

Low delayers were slightly more likely to respond mistakenly in no go trials and preformed slightly worse in the hot version of the task Low delayers identified at 4 years old showed greater difficulty supressing their response to happy faces than high delayers

Question 32

What did experts find between the delayer groups in experiment 2

Answer 32

No significant differences

Question 33

What brain structure was found to be crucialin witholding responses

Answer 33

inferior frontal gyrus

Question 34

in low delayers which brain function had higher levels in activity

Answer 34

ventral striatum which is linked to rewards

Question 35

Conclusions made in casey et al

Answer 35

resistance to temptation is a relatively stable characteristic ventral frontostrital circuitry supports resistance to temptation in low delayers there is a combination of increased activity in venstrial straitum and decreased activity in inferior frontal gyrus

Question 36

Ethical Considerations in casey et al

Answer 36

Informed consent was given only 27 of 59 in in Ex.1. took part in Ex.2. showing right to withdraw fMRI was low risk so there was protection of PPTs from psychological and physical harm.

Question 37

Usefulness in casey et al

Answer 37

Casey et al. showed that delay of gratification in childhood can predict this ability in adulthood - high delayers could have better socio-cognitive and emotional coping in adolescence + protected from physical and mental health problems + other problems. Strategies can be used to train young low delayers, e.g. use of cooling technique, they can be protected from future vulnerability.

Question 38

Similarities between sperry and casey et al

Answer 38

they were both lab based experiments they both collected quantative data they both studied different regions of the brain both part of the biological area

Question 39

What was the aim of blakemore and cooper?

Answer 39

to test whether kittens raised in an enviroment with vertical or horizontal stripes would develop normal vision

Question 40

What was the research method was B/C

Answer 40

a lab experiment

Question 41

What was the research design in B/C

Answer 41

independant measures design

Question 42

what is an independant measures design

Answer 42

different participants are used in each condition of the independent variable

Question 43

What was the apparatus used in blakemore and cooper?

Answer 43

a horizontal or vertical striped cylinder

Question 44

What was the sample of blakemore and cooper

Answer 44

Kittens

Question 45

What was done to the sample of blakemore and cooper

Answer 45

They were housed in complete darkness until they are 2 weeks of age

Question 46

How long did kittens spend in the apparatus?

Answer 46

from 2 weeks to 5 moths they spent on average 5 hours a day

Question 47

What was one of the controls used in blakemore and cooper

Answer 47

The kittens were housed in darkness when they are not in the cylinder so they wouldnt be exposed to any other lines also they werent allowed to see their own limbs

Question 48

What was the IV in blakemore and cooper

Answer 48

Whether they were in a horizontal or vertical cylinder

Question 49

How was the DV measured in blakemore and cooper

Answer 49

the kittens behaviours in normal enviroments and the physiological investigation of the direction of orientation of neurons in the visual field

Question 50

What is the key theme of Blakemoore and Cooper and Maguire?

Answer 50

Brain Plasticity