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Alevel Psychology AS/Alevel > Biological Psychology > Flashcards

Biological Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the aim of sperry study?

A

to investigate the effect of hemisphere deconnection on perception and memory

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2
Q

What was the sample of sperry study?

A

11 patients with epilepsy who had undergone a commissurotomy

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3
Q

what is lateralisation?

A

the limiting of a particular brain function to one side of the brain

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4
Q

what is contralateral control?

A

movement of each side of the body is controlled by the opposite side of the brain.

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5
Q

What is the design used?

A

sperry used a lab experiment where he controlled specific varibles he also used a repeated measures design?

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6
Q

What is a repeated measures design?

A

an experimental design where the same participants take part in each condition of the experiment.

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7
Q

Reason the participants had undergone disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

They had a history of advanced epilepsy that couldn’t be controlled by medication

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8
Q

what is the Corpus callosum?

A

The bundle of nerve fibres that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

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9
Q

The type of sample?

A

Oppurtunity sample

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10
Q

How the individual’s vision is divided?

A

Into the left and right visual fields

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11
Q

Length of time the stimuli was flashed for?

A

1/10 second or less

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12
Q

Reason the stimuli were only flashed for small periods of time?

A

It is too fast for the person’s eye to move to allow information into the other half of the visual field

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13
Q

How is further control added to the study?

A

The participants had to cover one of their eyes

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14
Q

The reason the split is not noticed in real life?

A

The information is received by touch and sight in both visual fields so reaches both hemispheres anyway

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15
Q

What happens if the same material shown to the RVF is shown to the LVF?

A

The participant will insist that they did not see it, but can point to the object among a collection

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16
Q

3 functions of the left hemisphere

A

Logical components, sequences, language

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17
Q

5 functions of the right hemisphere

A

Whole picture, patterns, images, music, creativity

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18
Q

Reason Sperry’s study has low ecological validity?

A

The visual and tactile information is separated and this would not happen in any real life situations

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19
Q

How Sperry’s research is useful?

A

It revealed the lateralisation of the functions between the two hemispheres

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20
Q

What was the aim of casey et al?

A

to test whether delay of gratification in childhood predicts impulse self control in adulthood

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21
Q

What was the sample used in casey et al?

A

original group - 562 participants ages 4
Experiment 1 - 59 participants
Experiment 2 - 27 participants

22
Q

what was the sample in experiment 1 seperated into

A

high and low delayers

23
Q

Where was the experiment done

A

participants own homes on their laptops

24
Q

what was the go no task

A

the participants were asked to either press a button (go) or withold the button (no go) when presented a stimuli

25
Q

What was one of the controls used in experiment 1

A

Participants were asked to respond as quickly and most accurate as possible

26
Q

What design did casey use

A

a 2x2 factorial design used in the presentation of facial stimuli

27
Q

What piece of scientific equipment was used in experiment 2

A

fMri scan

28
Q

What differed between experiment 1 and experiment 2

A

Participants were being scanned using a fMri scan while completing a hot version of the go no go task

29
Q

How long was the stimuli presented in Experiment 2

A

500milliseconds

30
Q

What are the hot and cold cues

A

Hot cues were happy expressions in stimuli
Cold cues were neutral/fearful expressions in stimuli

31
Q

What were the key results in Experiment 1

A

Low delayers were slightly more likely to respond mistakenly in no go trials and preformed slightly worse in the hot version of the task
Low delayers identified at 4 years old showed greater difficulty supressing their response to happy faces than high delayers

32
Q

What did experts find between the delayer groups in experiment 2

A

No significant differences

33
Q

What brain structure was found to be crucialin witholding responses

A

inferior frontal gyrus

34
Q

in low delayers which brain function had higher levels in activity

A

ventral striatum which is linked to rewards

35
Q

Conclusions made in casey et al

A

resistance to temptation is a relatively stable characteristic

ventral frontostrital circuitry supports resistance to temptation

in low delayers there is a combination of increased activity in venstrial straitum and decreased activity in inferior frontal gyrus

36
Q

Ethical Considerations in casey et al

A

Informed consent was given
only 27 of 59 in in Ex.1. took part in Ex.2. showing right to withdraw fMRI was low risk so there was protection of PPTs from psychological and physical harm.

37
Q

Usefulness in casey et al

A

Casey et al. showed that delay of gratification in childhood can predict this ability in adulthood - high delayers could have better socio-cognitive and emotional coping in adolescence + protected from physical and mental health problems + other problems.

Strategies can be used to train young low delayers, e.g. use of cooling technique, they can be protected from future vulnerability.

38
Q

Similarities between sperry and casey et al

A

they were both lab based experiments
they both collected quantative data
they both studied different regions of the brain
both part of the biological area

39
Q

What was the aim of blakemore and cooper?

A

to test whether kittens raised in an enviroment with vertical or horizontal stripes would develop normal vision

40
Q

What was the research method was B/C

A

a lab experiment

41
Q

What was the research design in B/C

A

independant measures design

42
Q

what is an independant measures design

A

different participants are used in each condition of the independent variable

43
Q

What was the apparatus used in blakemore and cooper?

A

a horizontal or vertical striped cylinder

44
Q

What was the sample of blakemore and cooper

A

Kittens

45
Q

What was done to the sample of blakemore and cooper

A

They were housed in complete darkness until they are 2 weeks of age

46
Q

How long did kittens spend in the apparatus?

A

from 2 weeks to 5 moths they spent on average 5 hours a day

47
Q

What was one of the controls used in blakemore and cooper

A

The kittens were housed in darkness when they are not in the cylinder so they wouldnt be exposed to any other lines

also they werent allowed to see their own limbs

48
Q

What was the IV in blakemore and cooper

A

Whether they were in a horizontal or vertical cylinder

49
Q

How was the DV measured in blakemore and cooper

A

the kittens behaviours in normal enviroments
and the physiological investigation of the direction of orientation of neurons in the visual field

50
Q

What is the key theme of Blakemoore and Cooper and Maguire?

A

Brain Plasticity

Alevel Psychology AS/Alevel (15 decks)

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