Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Philosophy II Final > Biological Paradigms > Flashcards

Biological Paradigms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two biological paradigms?

A
  1. ) Mechanism/atomism

2. ) Vitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Life can be completely explained by actions of _______, ________, and ________ forces.

A

Physical, Chemical and Electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Mechanism/atomism dervied from?

A

Materialism and/or scientific exclusionism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why did Mechanism/atomism come about?

A

A reaction to antiscientific theological doctrines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is based on the central dogma of biology?

A

Mechanism/atomism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Life is complex carbon-based chemistry; DNA ultimately codes for “life” processes

The above phrase represents what?

A

The central dogma of biology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What paradigm says there is no immaterial component; “only matter, never mind”?

A

Mechanism/atomism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What paradigm says a living thing is exhaustively composed of inanimate parts; the “whole is equal to the sum of its parts”?

A

Mechanism/atomism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What paradigm says: life and its functions depend on a “vital influence” which is non-physical in nature?

A

Vitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which paradigm is dervied from dualism?

A

Vitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(T/F) Vitalism is always a theological doctrine.

A

False, Vitalism is not necessarily a theological doctrine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What paradigm states: life = chemistry “animated” by spirit/force, etc…?

A

Vitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What paradigm is an inclusive doctrine, where matter/chemistry + the additional influence of a separate, non-physical entity or field is involved?

A

Vitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two versions or “interpretations” of Vitalism?

A
  1. ) Extreme vitalism (naïve vitalism)

2. ) Moderate vitalism (critical vitalism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What form of Vitalism is explained in the following statement?

The presence, in living systems, of a substantial entity that imparts to the system powers possessed by no inanimate body.

A

Extreme (naïve) Vitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What form of Vitalism states that matter evolves, then spirit animates it “ghost in the machine”

A

Extreme (naïve) Vitalism

17
Q

What type of Vitalism can lend itself to theological interpretation?

A

Extreme naïve Vitalism

18
Q

What type of Vitalism is being described in the following everyday language?

"a lifeless corpse"
"he lost his life"
"a cat's nine lives"
"life in a test tube"
"Frankenstein's monster"
A

Extreme (naïve) Vitalism

19
Q

What type of Vitalism states: the immaterial expression (mind) co-evolves with the physical structure; essentially an extension of property dualism?

A

Moderate Vitalism

20
Q

What type of Vitalism would say that vital forces are always a part of, never apart from the process of a living thing?

A

Moderate Vitalism

21
Q

“Life is an autonomous, mind-like, non-spatial entity that exercise control over organic processes”

-Extreme or Moderate Vitalism?

A

Moderate

22
Q

Which type of Vitalism is paralleled in chiropractic philosophy?

A

Moderate Vitalism

23
Q

_________ and ________ intelligence are chiropractic’s untestable metaphors for the concept of moderate vitalism.

A

Universal and Innate

24
Q

__________, like vitalism, opposes the reduction of biology to physics and chemistry

A

Organicism

25
Q

What paradigm is based on the idea of emergent properties in living systems?

A

Moderate Mechanism

26
Q

(T/F) Moderate mechanism requires a separate, non-physical entity. Life is not self-organizing and self-maintaining.

A

False; Moderate mechanism requires no separate, non-physical entity. Life is self-organizing and self-maintaining.

27
Q

(T/F) Moderate mechanism is neither purely mechanistic nor purely vitalistic?

A

True

28
Q

What are the four terms used to describe living humans in chiropractic philosophy?

A
  1. ) Self-forming (autopoietic)
  2. ) Self-organizing (structurally antientropic)
  3. ) Self-regulating (homeostatic)
  4. ) Self-repairing (self-healing)
29
Q

What is a thermodynamic term referring to energy equilibrium?

A

Entropy

30
Q

What is a term for ever-growing disorder in the universe over time; proceeding toward disorder/randomness?

A

Structural Entropy

31
Q

What is a term for the development of increased order or organization; sometimes termed syntropy (in thermodynamics “enthalpy”)?

A

Structural Antientropy

Philosophy II Final (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions