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Philosophy II - Final > Biological Paradigms > Flashcards

Biological Paradigms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two fundamental biological paradigms?

A
  • Mechanism/atomism

- Vitalism

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2
Q

How is life explained through mechanism/atomism?

A

Life can be explained by actions of physical, chemical, and electrical forces

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3
Q

What is the central dogma of biology according to mechanism?

A

Life is complex carbon based chemistry and DNA ultimately codes for life processes

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4
Q

The “whole is equal to the sum of its parts” is part of what biological paradigm?

A

Mechanical/atomism

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5
Q

T/F: Life and its functions depend on a “vital influence” which is Physical in nature

A

False - Vital influence is Non Physical in nature

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6
Q

What does Vitalism derive from?

A

Dualism

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7
Q

What does life equal?

A

Life = chemistry “animated” by a spirit/force

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8
Q

T/F: Vitalism is not an inclusive doctrine

A

False - it IS inclusive - matter/chemistry + the additional influence of a seperate, non physical entity or field

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9
Q

What are the two versions of Vitalism?

A
  • Extreme vitalism aka naive vitalism

- Moderate vitalism aka critical vitalism

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10
Q

What version of vitalism is the presence in living systems of a substantial entity that imparts to the system powers possessed by no inanimate body?

A

Extreme (naive) vitalism

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11
Q

What vitalism is the “ghost in the machine”?

A

Extreme (naive) vitalism

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12
Q

What vitalism is the popular doctrine that is reinforced by common sense and everyday language?

A

Extreme (naive) vitalism

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13
Q

Frankensteins monster is an example of what vitalism?

A

Extreme (naive) vitalism

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14
Q

What is moderate vitalism also known as?

A

Critical vitalism

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15
Q

What vitalism believes “life in matter inseparably”?

A

Moderate (critical) vitalism

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16
Q

T/F: In moderate vitalism, vital forces are never a part of, always apart from, the process of living things

A

False - Vital forces are ALWAYS part of, NEVER apart from, the process of living things

17
Q

What immaterial expression (mind) co evolves with the physical structure as an extension of “property” dualism in what vitalism?

A

Moderate (critical) vitalism

18
Q

T/F: Life is like an autonomous, mind like, non-spatial entity that exercises control over organic processes in Critical vitalism

A

True - Critical vitalism aka Moderate vitalism

19
Q

What are chiropractics “untestable” metaphors?

A

Universal and innate intelligence

20
Q

What mechanism is equated with contemporary “organismic” biology?

A

Moderate mechanism

21
Q

What is like vitalism that opposes the reduction of biology to physics and chemistry?

A

Organicism

22
Q

What is the Szent-Gyorgi experience?

A

The whole is more than the sum of its parts but NOT due to the addition of a seperate, non physical activity

23
Q

How can moderate mechanism/organicism be expressed?

A

The presence in living systems of emergent properties, contingent upon the organization of inanimate parts, but not reducible to them

24
Q

T/F: Life is epiphenomenal or an emergent property of matter in Moderate mechanism

A

True

25
Q

What is another word for the non physical entity that is required for life that is self organizing and self maintaining?

A

Autopoietic and structurally antientropic

26
Q

How does chiropractic philosophy relate to living human beings?

A
  • Self forming (autopoietic)
  • Self organizing (structurally antientropic)
  • Self regulating (homeostatic)
  • Self repairing (self healing)
27
Q

What does “entropy” refer to?

A

Thermodynamic term meaning energy equilibrium

28
Q

What is the ever growing disorder in the universe over time that proceeds toward disorder/randomness?

A

Structural entropy

29
Q

What does “structural antientropy” refer to?

A

Development of INCREASED order or organization, sometimes aka “syntropy”

30
Q

What kind of paradigm is chiropractic philosophy essentially?

A

Vitalistic paradigm - life itself is not an entity apart from the organism

31
Q

What are the metaphors for the self forming (autopoietic), self organizing (structurally antientropic), and self regulating (homeostatic) properties of living?

A

Universal and innate intelligence

32
Q

T/F: Extreme mechanism is as dogmatic and unproven as the animating life force view of naive vitalism

A

True

33
Q

Not really a question but VERY IMPORTANT!
*The vitalistic approach does not necessary require the assumption of beliefs consistent with a theistic teleology (NOT a religion)

A

However, it does accommodate such beliefs

Philosophy II - Final (3 decks)

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