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Biology > Biological Molecules (Year 9) > Flashcards

Biological Molecules (Year 9) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A

Gives us energy our bodies can use.

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2
Q

What is protein used for?

A

Protein helps our bodies to grow and repair themselves

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3
Q

What are vitamins used for? (A)

A

Forms a pigment needed for vision and protects the surface of the eye

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4
Q

What is vitamin C used for?

A

Needed for healthy skin and healing

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5
Q

What is vitamin D used for?

A

Needed to increase the absorption of calcium which is needed for strong teeth and bones

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6
Q

What is calcium used for?

A

Needed for strong teeth and bones

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7
Q

What is iron used for?

A

Needed to make hemoglobin which is a pigment in red blood cells

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8
Q

What is fiber used for?

A

Needed to provide roughage through the gut and prevents constipation

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9
Q

What is water used for?

A

Needed to hydrate cells

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10
Q

How do you calculate the energy in food?

A

Q = mcT
Q: Energy given out by burning food
m: mass of water heated
c: 4.186
T: change in temperature of water

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11
Q

How many elements do carbs contain?

A

3: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O)

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12
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Pairs of monosaccharides joined

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13
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Many monosaccharides joined

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14
Q

What are polymers made of?

A

Monomers (they look like hexagons)

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15
Q

Where are different polymers stored?

A

Starch: in plants
Glycogen: in animals

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16
Q

What elements make up proteins?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

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17
Q

How are proteins made up?

A

Made of chains of amino acids.

18
Q

What do two amino acids bonded together form?

A

a dipeptide

19
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can only be gained through diet and non-essential amino acids are made from these

20
Q

What is an example of a polypeptide?

A

Enzymes and hormones

21
Q

What are lipids made up of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

22
Q

How are lipids made up?

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

23
Q

What are the properties of carb polymers?

A

Large, insoluble storage molecule

24
Q

What are the properties of protein molecules?

A

Have a specific shape for their function

25
Q

What are the properties of lipid polymers?

A

Can be either liquid or solid at room temp

26
Q

What is starch made up of?

A

Glucose (monosaccharides)

27
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A carbohydrate that is store in animals

28
Q

What is saturated fat?

A

No double bonds in fatty acids

29
Q

What is the negative test for starch?

A

Remains orange/brown

30
Q

What is the positive test for starch?Or

A

Orange brown to blue black

31
Q

What is the reagent called that is used to test for starch?

A

Iodine

32
Q

What is the reagent used to test for simple sugars?

A

Benedicts solution

33
Q

What is the color seen when glucose is present?

A

Yellow/orange/brick red

34
Q

Describe how you would find the energy content of food

A
  1. Take the mass of a piece of food
  2. Fill a test tube with set volume of water
  3. Measure start temp
  4. Burn the food completely under the test tube
  5. Find change in temp
  6. Use formula
35
Q

Formula for energy in food

A
36
Q

For finding the energy in food, any errors in the experiment?

A

-Some heat is lost to air
-Some heat is conducted by the glass
-Incomplete combustion of food piece

37
Q

What is a lipid?

A

Lipids are both fats and oils.
Fats- Solid at room temperature
Oils - Liquid at room temperature

38
Q

What do fats do?

A

They are a long term source of energy. They keep us warm by insulating and protects our organs

39
Q

What is the benedict’s test for?

A

Sugars

40
Q

What is the Iodine test for?

A

starch

41
Q

What is the biuret test for?

A

proteins

42
Q
A

Biology (2 decks)

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