Biological Molecules (Year 9)

Question 1

What are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 1

Gives us energy our bodies can use.

Question 2

What is protein used for?

Answer 2

Protein helps our bodies to grow and repair themselves

Question 3

What are vitamins used for? (A)

Answer 3

Forms a pigment needed for vision and protects the surface of the eye

Question 4

What is vitamin C used for?

Answer 4

Needed for healthy skin and healing

Question 5

What is vitamin D used for?

Answer 5

Needed to increase the absorption of calcium which is needed for strong teeth and bones

Question 6

What is calcium used for?

Answer 6

Needed for strong teeth and bones

Question 7

What is iron used for?

Answer 7

Needed to make hemoglobin which is a pigment in red blood cells

Question 8

What is fiber used for?

Answer 8

Needed to provide roughage through the gut and prevents constipation

Question 9

What is water used for?

Answer 9

Needed to hydrate cells

Question 10

How do you calculate the energy in food?

Answer 10

Q = mcT
Q: Energy given out by burning food
m: mass of water heated
c: 4.186
T: change in temperature of water

Question 11

How many elements do carbs contain?

Answer 11

3: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O)

Question 12

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 12

Pairs of monosaccharides joined

Question 13

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 13

Many monosaccharides joined

Question 14

What are polymers made of?

Answer 14

Monomers (they look like hexagons)

Question 15

Where are different polymers stored?

Answer 15

Starch: in plants
Glycogen: in animals

Question 16

What elements make up proteins?

Answer 16

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

Question 17

How are proteins made up?

Answer 17

Made of chains of amino acids.

Question 18

What do two amino acids bonded together form?

Answer 18

a dipeptide

Question 19

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 19

Amino acids that can only be gained through diet and non-essential amino acids are made from these

Question 20

What is an example of a polypeptide?

Answer 20

Enzymes and hormones

Question 21

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 21

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Question 22

How are lipids made up?

Answer 22

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

Question 23

What are the properties of carb polymers?

Answer 23

Large, insoluble storage molecule

Question 24

What are the properties of protein molecules?

Answer 24

Have a specific shape for their function

Question 25

What are the properties of lipid polymers?

Answer 25

Can be either liquid or solid at room temp

Question 26

What is starch made up of?

Answer 26

Glucose (monosaccharides)

Question 27

What is glycogen?

Answer 27

A carbohydrate that is store in animals

Question 28

What is saturated fat?

Answer 28

No double bonds in fatty acids

Question 29

What is the negative test for starch?

Answer 29

Remains orange/brown

Question 30

What is the positive test for starch?Or

Answer 30

Orange brown to blue black

Question 31

What is the reagent called that is used to test for starch?

Answer 31

Iodine

Question 32

What is the reagent used to test for simple sugars?

Answer 32

Benedicts solution

Question 33

What is the color seen when glucose is present?

Answer 33

Yellow/orange/brick red

Question 34

Describe how you would find the energy content of food

Answer 34

1. Take the mass of a piece of food 2. Fill a test tube with set volume of water 3. Measure start temp 4. Burn the food completely under the test tube 5. Find change in temp 6. Use formula

Question 35

Formula for energy in food

Question 36

For finding the energy in food, any errors in the experiment?

Answer 36

-Some heat is lost to air -Some heat is conducted by the glass -Incomplete combustion of food piece

Question 37

What is a lipid?

Answer 37

Lipids are both fats and oils. Fats- Solid at room temperature Oils - Liquid at room temperature

Question 38

What do fats do?

Answer 38

They are a long term source of energy. They keep us warm by insulating and protects our organs

Question 39

What is the benedict's test for?

Answer 39

Sugars

Question 40

What is the Iodine test for?

Answer 40

starch

Question 41

What is the biuret test for?

Answer 41

proteins