Biological Molecules (Water + Carbohydrates) Flashcards
How are atoms in a molecule of water linked?
Via covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds between molecules of water are formed between…
Electronegative oxygen & electropositive hydrogen
Name 6 properties of water
Metabolite
Solvent
Molecules of water form hydrogen bonds between each other
High specific heat capacity
High latent heat of vaporisation
Ice is less dense than water
How is water being a metabolite useful for living organisms?
It allows water molecules to be used in hydrolysis reactions and made in condensation reactions
How is water being a solvent useful for living organisms?
It allows water molecules to dissolve solutes for reactions
How is water being able to form hydrogen bonds between each other useful for living organisms?
It allows water molecules to be cohesive which is essential for transpiration
How is water having a high specific heat capacity useful for living organisms?
It allows the temperature of water to remain relatively stable which is useful for aquatic organisms who have habitats in the water
How is water having a high latent heat of vaporisation useful for living organisms?
It allows organisms to cool themselves via sweat
How is ice being denser than water useful for living organisms?
Organisms that have their habitats in the water under the ice are insulated
What are monomers?
Monomers are individual molecules that can make up a polymer
What are polymers?
Polymers are long chains of many individual monomers that have been bonded together in a repeating pattern
How do condensation reactions occur?
When two molecules combine to form a more complex molecule with the removal of water
How do hydrolysis reactions occur?
When larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules with the addition of water
What joins monomers together?
Covalent bonds
What joins polar molecules together, and what does this do?
Hydrogen bonds, this stablises larger structures
