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Biology: Topic 1 > Biological Molecules: Structure of DNA and RNA > Flashcards

Biological Molecules: Structure of DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

what is DNA?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

what does RNA stand for?

A

ribonucleic acid

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3
Q

what does DNA do?

A

holds genetic information

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4
Q

what does RNA do?

A

transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

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5
Q

what are ribosomes formed from?

A

RNA and proteins

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5
Q

what are the monomers of DNA and RNA?

A

nucleotides

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6
Q

what are nucleotides formed from?

A

pentose, nitrogen-containing organic base and phosphate group

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7
Q

what are the components of a DNA nucleotide?

A

deoxyribose, phosphate group and one of the bases(guanine,cytosine, adenine, thymine)

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8
Q

what are the components of a RNA nucleotide?

A

ribose, phosphate group and one of the bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, uracil)

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9
Q

what does a condensation reaction between two nucleotides form(bond)?

A

phosphodiester bond

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10
Q

which molecule has a short polynucleotide chain?

A

RNA molecule

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11
Q

what are two possible structures of the nitrogenous bases?

A
  • purine
  • pyramidine
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12
Q

what are examples of purine?

A
  • guanine
  • adenine
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13
Q

what are examples of pyramidine?

A
  • cytosine
  • thymine
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14
Q

how many hydrogen bonds does adenine and thymine have?

A

2

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15
Q

how many hydrogen bonds does guanine and cytosine have ?

A

3

16
Q

what are the differences between RNA and DNA(5)?

A
  • in DNA there is hydrogen bonding between strands and in RNA there is hydrogen bonding within strands
  • DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded
  • DNA has a longer nucleotide chain, RNA has a shorter nucleotide chain
  • RNA has a ribose sugar, DNA has a deoxyribose sugar
  • RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine
17
Q

how is a phosphodiester bond formed between 2 nucleotides?

A
  • condensation reaction between the phosphate and deoxyribose
  • catalysed by DNA polymerase
18
Q

what is the DNA molecule?

A
  • double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs

Biology: Topic 1 (10 decks)

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