Biological Molecules - DNA Flashcards
What does DNA and RNA stand for? What do they do?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are important information-carrying molecules.
Bond between phosphate and sugar
Ester bond
What are the 2 types of base pairings in DNA and RNA?
Pyrimidines:
Cytosine C
Thymine T
Purines:
Adenine A
Guanine G
What are the components of the DNA nucleotide?
The components of a DNA nucleotide are deoxyribose, a phosphate group and one of the organic bases adenine,
cytosine, guanine or thymine.
What are the components of an RNA nucleotide?
The components of an RNA nucleotide are ribose, a phosphate group and one of the organic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine or uracil.
What is an RNA molecule?
An RNA molecule is a relatively short polynucleotide chain.
Single stranded
Ribose sugar
3 types:
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Bond between sugar and base
Glycosidic bond
Nucleotide structure
Phosphate group
Pentose sugar
Organic base
Penrose sugar is 5 carbon atoms
How are ribosomes formed?
Ribosomes are formed from RNA and proteins.
Gene
Sequence of bases on a DNA molecule coding for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
All the genes are called the genome.
What does DNA and RNA do with genetic information?
DNA holds genetic information
and
RNA transfers genetic information
What does the semi-conservative replication of DNA ensure? What is the process? Explain in detail.
The semi-conservative replication of DNA ensures genetic continuity between generations of cells.
The process of semi-conservative replication of DNA in terms of:
- unwinding of the double helix
- breakage of hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in the polynucleotide strands
- the role of DNA helicase in unwinding DNA and breaking its hydrogen bonds
- attraction of new DNA nucleotides to exposed bases on template strands and base pairing
- the role of DNA polymerase in the condensation reaction that joins adjacent nucleotides.
