Biological Molecules (Carbohydrates)

Question 1

Define Monosaccharide. Name the three hexose monosaccharide.

Answer 1

A simple chain of sugar that consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms for every carbon atom present in the molecule.

Hexose Monosaccharides:
1) Glucose
2) Fructose
3) Galactose

Question 2

3 Types of monosaccharide sugars

Answer 2

1) Triose
2) Pentose
3) Hexose

Question 3

2 forms of glucose

Answer 3

1) Alpha-glucose
2) Beta-glucose

Question 4

Define Disaccharides

Answer 4

Disaccharides are created from combining two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction forming a glycosidic bond.

Question 5

3 Examples of Disaccharides

Answer 5

1) Maltose (Glucose+ Glucose)
2) Sucrose ( Glucose+ Fructose)
3) Lactose ( Glucose+ Galactose)

Question 6

What happens in a condensation reaction?

Answer 6

A chemical bond is formed between two molecules and a molecule of water is produced.

Question 7

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 7

A chemical bond between two molecules is broken down by the addition of a water molecule.

Question 8

What type of bond is formed when monosaccharides react?

Answer 8

1,4 Glycosidic Bond or 1,6 Glycosidic bond.

Question 9

Define Polysaccharides.

Answer 9

They are made up pf many monosaccharide units joined by condensation reactions, that forms glycosidic bonds.

Question 10

3 examples of Polysaccharides.

Answer 10

1) Starch
2) Glycogen
3) Cellulose

Question 11

Functions of polysaccharides.

Answer 11

Polysaccharides function primarily as energy storage, structural support, and protection in living organisms.

Question 12

Relate structure of glucose to its function

Answer 12

Glucose is the primary source of energy for cells. It is soluble in water, which allows for it to be
transported around the bloodstream.

Question 13

2 versions of starch

Answer 13

1) Amylose
2) Amylopectin