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HS Biology > Biological Molecules (BioChem) > Flashcards

Biological Molecules (BioChem) Flashcards

Understand how biological molecules are essential to the survival of living organisms

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1
Q

What does an organism need to be living (some exceptions)

A

STERNGRR

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2
Q

Synthesis

A

To create larger molecules from smaller ones

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3
Q

Transport

A

To move materials throughout body.

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4
Q

Excretion

A

To remove waste

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5
Q

Regulation

A

To have internal balance “homeostasis”

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6
Q

Nutrition

A

To obtain compounds needed to create energy.

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7
Q

Growth

A

To increase in size

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8
Q

Respiration

A

To break down glucose into energy.

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9
Q

Reproduction

A

To make offspring

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10
Q

Metabolism

A

the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy.

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

internal biological changes automatically made by the body to maintain stable levels (temp, salt, hormones, and metabolic rate)

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12
Q

What does S stand for?

A

Synthesis

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13
Q

What does T stand for?

A

transportation

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14
Q

What does E stand for?

A

excretion

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15
Q

What do the Rs stand for

A

regulation, respiration, reproduction

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16
Q

What does the N stand for

A

nutrients/nutrition

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17
Q

What does the G stand for

A

growth

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18
Q

carbohydrate is a polymer made of what monomer

A

saccharide

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19
Q

what is a saccharide

A

a simple sugar

20
Q

all carbohydrates are made from ONLY these elements:

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

21
Q

what is the function of a carbohydrate?

A

main source of energy

22
Q

proteins are a polymer made up of what monomer?

A

amino acids held together by peptide bonds to make a polypeptide chain

23
Q

what is a polypeptide chain?

A

amino acids held together by peptide bonds

24
Q

what is the function of proteins

A

can be enzymes, catalysts, hormones, etc.

25
Q

lipids are a polymer, what is its monomer

A

fatty acids and glycerol

26
Q

what are fatty acids?

A

the building blocks of fat

27
Q

what is glycerol?

A

simple sugar alcohol compound

28
Q

what is the function of lipids in the body?

A

part of cell membranes that control what goes in and out of cells

29
Q

how do lipids help organisms survive

A

store energy

30
Q

nucleic acids are a monomer, what is it’s polymer

A

nucleotides

31
Q

what is the function of nucleic acids?

A

storage of genomic information

32
Q

how do nucleic acids help an organism survive?

A

carry instructions for the functioning of the cell

33
Q

what is insulin?

A

a protein that regulates the amount of carbohydrates in the blood

34
Q

how many types of amino acids are there?

A

300+ but only 20 are needed to synthesize proteins

35
Q

If the body makes protein why do we need to eat protein

A

the body does not have all the types of amino acids needed to make protein

36
Q

within a cell, which element is found in the greatest amount?

A

carbon

37
Q

amino acids contain which elements?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

38
Q

all organic molecules contain which elements

A

carbon and hydrogen

39
Q

which substances are most commonly used as building blocks in the synthesis of some lipids

A

glycerol and fatty acids

40
Q

what elements make up proteins

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

41
Q

what inorganic compound is needed for many chemical reactions to occur?

A

water

42
Q

what substances synthesized by the body enable humans to go for a long period of time without eating?

A

fats and glycogen

43
Q

An inorganic compound essential to the survival of animals is

A

salt

44
Q

what polymer consists of chains of nucleotides?

A

Both DNA and RNA molecules

45
Q

Living things are primary composed of what four elements?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

HS Biology (1 decks)

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