Biological molecules and pH

Question 1

Compare and contrast endergonic and exergonic

Answer 1

Endergonic: needs energy
Exergonic: gives off energy

Question 2

Compare catabolism and anabolism

Answer 2

Catabolism: a reaction that breaks down large molecules into small ones (ex protein digestion by lysosomes into amino acids)
Anabolism: reactions that need energy to make small molecules into larger ones (ex protein synthesis by ribosomes from amino acids)

Question 3

What are monomer and polymers?

Answer 3

monomers are building blocks for molecules made through hydrolysis
polymers are macromolecules made through dehydration
monomers are simple sugar, amino acids, nucleotides, glycerol and fatty acids
polymers are polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acid, and triglyceride
carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids make up cells

Question 4

What is condensation? What is hydrolysis?

Answer 4

Condensation is when two molecules combine into one with the release of water
A + B = C + H20

Hydrolysis is when one molecule is broken into two with water added
C + H20 = A + B

Question 5

Name reactive organic molecules

Answer 5

Hydroxyl group - strongly polar, highly reactive
Carbonyl group - weakly polar, highly reactive
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxyl group - strongly polar, acts like acid
Amino group - polar, acts like base
Phosphate group - acidic and polar
Sulfhydryl group - readily oxidized

Question 6

What are acids? What are bases?

Answer 6

Acids - substances that can take up an e- pair to form a covalent bond
Bases - substances that can donate an e- pair to form a covalent bond

Question 7

What is pH?

Answer 7

hydrogen ion concentration
measured using pH scale divided into three areas:
Acid (<7), Neutral (7), Basic (>7)
each division raises or lowers pH of substance 10 times (pH of 5 is ten times more acidic than pH 6)
H2) has pH of 7, when mixed with air, suspended stuff changed pH