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Biology Year 1🍏 > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Polymers

A

Long molecule made up from many smaller molecules (monomers /subunits)

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2
Q

Monomers

A

Small molecules that are the building blocks /sub units of polymers

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3
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Chemical process in which molecules combine to form a more complex molecule with the elimination of one molecule of water

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4
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

A bond between molecules of carbohydrates formed by condensation

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5
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking down of one large molecule into smaller ones with the addition of water molecules

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6
Q

Monosaccharide

A

A simple single molecule of sugar

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7
Q

Disaccharide

A

Sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond

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8
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A carbohydrate which is made up of a number of monosaccharides bonded together with a glycosidic bond

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9
Q

Make maltose

A

Glucose+glucose

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10
Q

Make sucrose

A

Glucose+fructose

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11
Q

Lactose

A

Galactose+ glucose

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12
Q

Glucose formula

A

C6H12O6

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13
Q

Two forms of glucose

A 
Alpha glucose
O on top right of hexagon 
carbon on stick on top left
H
OH.    On both sides

Beta glucose
Same but
H. OH
OH. H

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14
Q

Cellulose

A

Found in plant cell wall
B glucose
Glycosidic bonds
Unbranched straight chain
Alternating orientation of glucose molecules
Layers of chains (microfibrils) joined with hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

How does structure of cellulose affect function ?

A

Strong structure for cell walls

Insoluble

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16
Q

Starch amylose

A

Energy storage in plants
a glucose
Glycosidic bonds
Unbranched and coiled-> compact storage of glucose
Cooled because of alpha glucose structure leads to curves
Insoluble
Doesn’t affect water potential

17
Q

Structure for function in amylose

A

Insoluble so doesn’t effect water potential so not effect on osmosis ( osmotic lysis in cells)

18
Q

Starch amylopectin

A 
energy storage
a glucose
Glycosidic bonds 
Branched -> increases SA so can be hydrolysed more quickly
Insoluble no effect on osmosis
19
Q

Structure for function of amylopectin

A

Branches increases SA so it can be hydrolysed faster

Insoluble so no effect on water potential

20
Q

Glycogen

A 
Storage of energy in animal
a glucose 
Glycosidic bonds 
Very branched 
Bigger SA-faster hydrolysis 
Insoluble so doesn’t effect water potential
21
Q

Structure for function glycogen

A

Highly branched so large as for faster hydrolysis

Insoluble so doesn’t effect water potential

22
Q

Test for starch

A 
And iodine (Orange)
Positive test would turn blue black
23
Q

Reducing sugars test

A

(Simple sugars)
Add benefits (blue)
Heat to 100°
If sugar is present turns brick red

Biology Year 1🍏 (1 decks)

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