Biological Molecules

Question 1

What’s the general formula for a carbohydrate

Answer 1

C(H20) n

Question 2

Whats a monosaccharide

Answer 2

A simple sugar
They’re named according to number of carbons
They’re monomers

Question 3

Pentose is a monosaccharide how many carbons does it contain

Answer 3

5

Question 4

Hexose is a 6C monosaccharide

What is it

Answer 4

It’s a glucose molecule

Question 5

Explain what glucose is

Answer 5

It’s a polar molecule
It’s soluble and is transported in blood plasma
It’s broken down in respiration and the energy released is ATP
It has an alpha glucose and a beta glucose

Question 6

Whats a disacharride

Answer 6

2 monosaccharides joined together in a condensation reaction

Question 7

How do you make maltose, lactose, sucrose

Answer 7

Glucose + glucose= maltose
Glucose + galactose= lactose
Glucose + fructose= sucrose

Question 8

What’s a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 8

A molecule of water is added to break a glycosidic bond

Question 9

When is a hydrolysis reaction used

Answer 9

In digestion to break maltose molecules into 2 glucose molecules

Question 10

What’s a polysaccharides

Answer 10

Made up of many glucose molecules linked together
They’re insoluble so remain in the cell
They have no osmotic effect on the cell

Question 11

Where are polysaccharides found

Answer 11

In glycogen
Starch
Cellulose

Question 12

What’s the structure of glycogen

Answer 12

Made of alpha glucose

Linked at 1,6 and 1,4 by GLYCOSIDIC BONDS

Question 13

What’s a lipid

Answer 13

Contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen
They’re non polar
dissolves in other non polar substances (other lipids?)

Question 14

State some lipid functions

Answer 14

Energy source and storage
Protection of delicate organs
Oxidation or triglycerides
Phospholipids
Waterproofing
Thermal insulation

Question 15

What’s a triglyceride

Answer 15

Made up of glycerol and three fatty acids

The form ESTER BONDS in condensation reactions

Question 16

What’s a fatty acid

Answer 16

They’re long molecules with a polar, hydrophilic end and a non polar, hydrophobic tail
14-22 units long

Question 17

What’s a sautrated fatty acid

Answer 17

They have no double carbon bonds

They form straight chains and have a high melting point

Question 18

What’s an unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 18

They have one or more double carbon bond
Bent chain
Has a low melting point

Question 19

Describe a Phospholipid

Answer 19

Similar structure to triglycerides but have a phosphate group in place of one fatty acid chain
Hydrophilic head- negatively charged
Hydrophobic tail- non polar

Question 20

What’s the structure of a steroid

Answer 20

Is a 4 ring structure shaped like a pentagon

Question 21

Name some steroids

Answer 21

Cholesterol
Testosterone
Oestrogen

Question 22

Describe amino acids

Answer 22

Always contain n, c, c
They have an r group that means anything can go there
They all join together in a condensation reaction
Forms peptide bonds between the two amino acids
2 peptide bonds= a dipeptide