Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the 4 types of macromolecules
carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid
What are the bonds between sugar, amino acids, and nucleotides
Sugar is glycosidic bond
amino acid has peptide bond
nucleotides have sugar phosphate bond
What is condensation and what happens
Condensation is the removal of water to form a bond between monomers. One molecule loses a hydrogen and the other one loses an hydroxyl group
What is hydrolysis and what’s the purpose
Addition of water to breach the bonds between monomers. It releases energy.
What atoms does carbohydrate contain and what is it used for
It contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
It is used for fuel, energy storage and cell strenghthening
What are the two types of glucose and their difference
Alfa and Beta glucose, Alfa glucose has a hydroxide molecule attached to the bottom of carbon 1 while Beta glucose has it attached to the top
What happens when forming a disaccharide
2 alfa glucose joins as carbon 1 and carbon 4 is bonded together along with the formation of water as a hydroxide and a hydrogen atom is lose
What is hydrophilic and hydrophobia
Attracts water and repels water
what are the 4 uses of lipid
Energy storage
Chemical messenger (hormones)
Chemical defenses
Membrane
What does a triglyceride consist of
A glycerol backbone and 3 chains of fatty acid
What is the bond between glycerol and fatty acid
Ester bond
What are the simple and complex strucutre lipid make
Simple is triglyceride, compelex is phospholipid
What does a phospholipid consist
hydrophillic head and 2 hydrophobic tails
