Biological Molecules

Question 1

How many types of biological molecule are there?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Name the biological molecules

Question 3

What is meant by biological molecule?

Answer 3

an organic molecule containing carbon (usually in a long chain or ring-like structure) and hydrogen

Question 4

What is the difference in structure of alpha glucose and beta glucose?

Answer 4

in alpha glucose, the hydroxyl group is below carbon 1 in the ring. In beta glucose, the hydroxyl group is found above carbon 1.

Question 5

How many groups of carbohydrate molecules are there and what are their names?

Answer 5

3

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 6

What type of bond holds together carbohydrate molecules?

Answer 6

glycosidic

Question 7

What is the general formula for a carbohydrate?

Answer 7

C_x(H₂O)_y

Question 8

What is the most important element in biology?

Answer 8

Carbon

Question 9

Why is carbon the most important element in biology?

Answer 9

Carbon can form up to 4 bonds and can easily bond to oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur or itself

Question 10

What does the term monomer actually mean?

Answer 10

one part

mono - one

mer - part

Question 11

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

Which element do proteins contain that is not found in carbohydrates or lipids, but is found in nucleic acids?

Answer 12

Nitrogen

Question 13

Which element, other than nitrogen, can be found in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids?

Answer 13

Sulphur

Question 14

Proteins are generally divided into two structural groups. What are they?

Answer 14

Globular and fibrous

Question 15

What type of bond holds amino acids together?

Answer 15

peptide bonds

Question 16

Where do peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids?

Answer 16

between the hydroxyl group of the carbonyl group at the end of one amino acid and the H atoms of the amine group at the other end of the next amino acid.

Question 17

What functions do proteins carry out?

Answer 17

movement, cellular transport, immunity, hormones, enzymes and structure

Question 18

What are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 18

energy release (glucose), energy storage (starch, glycogen), building other molecules such as nucleic acids, glycoproteins, glycolipids.

Question 19

What features do all lipids have in common?

Answer 19

they are all insoluble in water due to their hydrophobic parts

Question 20

How many elements are found in lipids?

Can you name them?

Answer 20

3

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 21

Unlike all the other biological molecules, lipids are not what?

Answer 21

polymers

Question 22

Which two parts make up a lipid?

Answer 22

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 23

Which types of chemicals fall into the wide group of lipids?

Answer 23

fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, alcohols and esters

Question 24

What are the common uses of lipids in organisms?

Answer 24

As energy storage, building cell membranes, insulation and organ protection

Question 25

True or false?

all hydrophobic tails on lipids are the same length

Answer 25

False!