Biological Molecules 1A Flashcards
Define Covalent Bonding
Sharing of electrons between two non-metals, forms negative ions
Define Ionic Bonding
Transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal, metals form positive ions and non-metals form negative ions
Hydrogen Bonding
Weak attraction between opposite dipoles
What is the monomer for proteins
Amino acids
What is the monomer for DNA
Nucleotides
What is the monomer for Polysaccharide/ Carbohydrates
Glucose
Hydrolysis reaction
Reaction that breaks a chemical bond using water
Condensation reaction
Joins two molecules together, creating a chemical bond and a water molecule is released
What do monosaccharides condense to form
Polysaccharides
What do glycerol and fatty acids condense to form
Lipids
List 3 monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, fructose
What are disaccharides
Two monomers joined together
How are polysaccharides formed
Made of long chains of monosaccharides, joined by glycosidic bonds in condensation reactions
What can alpha glucose polymerise into? Name its properties
Starch, alpha helix coil, insoluble, branched for quick enzyme break down
Where is starch found?
Only in plant cells
Where is glycogen found?
Animal cells, liver and muscle cells
What is structure of glycogen
Long chains of alpha glucose, shorter and more branched for quick enzyme breakdown, insoluble,
What is the structure of cellulose
straight, long unbranched chains of beta glucose which run parallel to one another and are cross linked by hydrogen bonds
Testing for reducing sugars (monosaccharaides)
