Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are carbohydrates primarily made of?
Carbohydrates are primarily made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is the general formula for monosaccharides?
The general formula for monosaccharides is (CH2O)n.
True or False: Glucose is a disaccharide.
False: Glucose is a monosaccharide.
What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
The two main types of carbohydrates are simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.
Name a common disaccharide.
Sucrose is a common disaccharide.
Fill in the blank: Polysaccharides are made up of _____ monosaccharides.
many
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide and store energy.
Which carbohydrate is known as blood sugar?
Glucose is known as blood sugar.
True or False: Starch is a storage form of carbohydrate in plants.
True.
What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?
Cellulose is a polysaccharide.
What is the process called when two monosaccharides join together?
The process is called condensation or dehydration synthesis.
Name the bond formed between two monosaccharides.
The bond formed is called a glycosidic bond.
What is glycogen?
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of glucose in animals.
Fill in the blank: The simplest form of carbohydrates is _____ .
monosaccharides
What are the two main types of simple carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
True or False: Lactose is composed of glucose and fructose.
False: Lactose is composed of glucose and galactose.
What is the main structural component of plant cell walls?
Cellulose is the main structural component.
Describe the structure of amylose.
Amylose is a linear chain of glucose units connected by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
Alpha glucose has the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 below the plane, while beta glucose has it above.
What are dietary fibers primarily composed of?
Dietary fibers are primarily composed of non-digestible carbohydrates, mainly cellulose.
Fill in the blank: The storage form of carbohydrate in plants is _____ .
starch
What is a common feature of all carbohydrates?
All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of approximately 1:2:1.
What type of reaction breaks down polysaccharides into monosaccharides?
Hydrolysis reaction.
True or False: All carbohydrates are sweet-tasting.
False: Not all carbohydrates are sweet-tasting.
What is the role of carbohydrates in cell recognition?
Carbohydrates play a role in cell recognition by forming glycoproteins and glycolipids on cell surfaces.
Name a polysaccharide that is used as a thickening agent in food.
Pectin is a polysaccharide used as a thickening agent.
What type of carbohydrate is found in human milk?
Lactose is found in human milk.
Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy is called _____ .
cellular respiration
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
Glycogen is the primary storage form.
True or False: Fructose is a ketose sugar.
True.
What is the significance of carbohydrates in the diet?
Carbohydrates provide essential energy and are important for proper metabolism.
What type of bond connects glucose molecules in starch?
Alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates can be classified based on the number of sugar units as _____, _____, and _____.
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
What is a common source of dietary carbohydrates?
Common sources include grains, fruits, and vegetables.
What is the role of insulin in carbohydrate metabolism?
Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.
Suggest how glycogen acts as a source of energy?
Hydrolysed to form glucose which can be broken down/hydrolysed further during aerobic respiration in mitochondria to form ATP which can be used in smaller quantities and easier for activities. such as muscle contraction.
Describe structure of glycogen/starch?
Polysaccharides
made up of alpha glucose monomers
joined by glycosidic bonds and they are branched.
