biological molecules Flashcards
What is an organic substance?
An organic substance is a molecule that contains carbon and at least one other element.
What are isomers?
Isomers are molecules which have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.
explain the structure of Beta glucose
has one OH group on the same side as the oxygen, and one OH group on the opposite side to the oxygen.
Fructose structure
is the only monosaccharide that we need to know that has four carbons and one oxygen atom in its main ring structure.
Galactose structure
has both OH groups on the same side as the oxygen.
Alpha glucose strucure
has both OH groups on the opposite side to the oxygen.
what is a monosaccharide
a monomer witch a carbohydrate is made of
what is maltose made of
glucose + glucose
what is sucrose made of
glucose + fructose
Lactose is made of ?
Glucose + galactose
What is formed by glucose + glucose
Maltose
When two monosaccharides bond through a condensation reaction, we call the resulting molecule a…
disaccharide
what is the type of bond between monosaccharides
glycosidic bonds
how to name a bond between charbohydrates
(alpha/ beta) carbon on left + carbon on right
type of chain formed by beta 1,4 bonds
straight chain
type of chain formed by alpha 1,4 bonds
coiled chain
The rigidity of a plant cell wall is made up of …
long, straight, parallel chains, with hydrogen bonds between them.
So microfibrils are the smaller threads, made up of many polysaccharide chains.
steps for a Benedict’s test?
Grind sample with water,
Add the same volume of Benedict’s reagent,
Heat.
are all monosaccharides detected by benidicts reagant
yes
Describe the strucutre of glycogen
Polymer of alpha glucosr witch is highly branched
State the two structures that make up starch
Amylose and amylopectin
Simulatirys and diffrecmeses between starch and glucogen
Simulatirys :
> both are energy stores
> both made of alpha glucose
Diffrences:
> glycogen is branched whilst starch isent
> glycogen is found in animals, whislt starch isent
How are monosaccharides arranged in cellulose
Alternative B/glucose molecules are tuerned upside down
Why are globular proteins soluble
The solublity of globular protines arises as a concoquence of the charged R-groups on the outer surface of the protine. This alows water molecules to surround the protine
What is the solution is used to test for presence of protine + possitvie result
> buriet solution, blue solution turns purple ( = possitive result)
- mix sample with ethonal
- mix solution with water and shake
- wight emultion layer = lipids
Describes the structure and properties of starch
A mixture of two polysaccharides of alpha glucose. Amylose is a long branched chain of glucose. The angles of the glycosidc bonds give it a coiled strucutre witch makes it compact so good for storage. Amylopectins long branched structure allows enzymes to get at the glycoacidic bonds esialy, it is soluble in water
State the 4 roles of lipids
- store of energy
- insulation
- protection
- waterproofing
