biological molecules

Question 1

What is an organic substance?

Answer 1

An organic substance is a molecule that contains carbon and at least one other element.

Question 2

What are isomers?

Answer 2

Isomers are molecules which have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.

Question 3

explain the structure of Beta glucose

Answer 3

has one OH group on the same side as the oxygen, and one OH group on the opposite side to the oxygen.

Question 4

Fructose structure

Answer 4

is the only monosaccharide that we need to know that has four carbons and one oxygen atom in its main ring structure.

Question 5

Galactose structure

Answer 5

has both OH groups on the same side as the oxygen.

Question 6

Alpha glucose strucure

Answer 6

has both OH groups on the opposite side to the oxygen.

Question 7

what is a monosaccharide

Answer 7

a monomer witch a carbohydrate is made of

Question 8

what is maltose made of

Answer 8

glucose + glucose

Question 9

what is sucrose made of

Answer 9

glucose + fructose

Question 10

Lactose is made of ?

Answer 10

Glucose + galactose

Question 11

What is formed by glucose + glucose

Answer 11

Maltose

Question 12

When two monosaccharides bond through a condensation reaction, we call the resulting molecule a…

Answer 12

disaccharide

Question 13

what is the type of bond between monosaccharides

Answer 13

glycosidic bonds

Question 14

how to name a bond between charbohydrates

Answer 14

(alpha/ beta) carbon on left + carbon on right

Question 15

type of chain formed by beta 1,4 bonds

Answer 15

straight chain

Question 16

type of chain formed by alpha 1,4 bonds

Answer 16

coiled chain

Question 17

The rigidity of a plant cell wall is made up of …

Answer 17

long, straight, parallel chains, with hydrogen bonds between them.
So microfibrils are the smaller threads, made up of many polysaccharide chains.

Question 18

steps for a Benedict’s test?

Answer 18

Grind sample with water,
Add the same volume of Benedict’s reagent,
Heat.

Question 19

are all monosaccharides detected by benidicts reagant

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

Describe the strucutre of glycogen

Answer 20

Polymer of alpha glucosr witch is highly branched

Question 21

State the two structures that make up starch

Answer 21

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 22

Simulatirys and diffrecmeses between starch and glucogen

Answer 22

Simulatirys :
> both are energy stores
> both made of alpha glucose

Diffrences:
> glycogen is branched whilst starch isent
> glycogen is found in animals, whislt starch isent

Question 23

How are monosaccharides arranged in cellulose

Answer 23

Alternative B/glucose molecules are tuerned upside down

Question 24

Why are globular proteins soluble

Answer 24

The solublity of globular protines arises as a concoquence of the charged R-groups on the outer surface of the protine. This alows water molecules to surround the protine

Question 25

What is the solution is used to test for presence of protine + possitvie result

Answer 25

> buriet solution, blue solution turns purple ( = possitive result) > - mix sample with ethonal - mix solution with water and shake - wight emultion layer = lipids

Question 26

Describes the structure and properties of starch

Answer 26

A mixture of two polysaccharides of alpha glucose. Amylose is a long branched chain of glucose. The angles of the glycosidc bonds give it a coiled strucutre witch makes it compact so good for storage. Amylopectins long branched structure allows enzymes to get at the glycoacidic bonds esialy, it is soluble in water

Question 27

State the 4 roles of lipids

Answer 27

- store of energy - insulation - protection - waterproofing