Biological molecules Flashcards
Define monomer.
smaller molecules that combine to make larger molecules.
Define polymer.
larger molecule made up of many monomers joined together.
What kind of reaction joins two monomers together?
condensation reaction
What happens in a condensation reaction?
water is released.
What bond forms when two monosaccharides join together?
glycosidic bond
Give 3 examples of monosaccharides.
glucose
fructose
ribose
How is starch formed?
Glucose + glucose = maltose + water
What is it called when two monosaccharides join by a condensation reaction?
disacharide
finish the equations:
Glucose + Glucose =
Glucose + fructose=
Glucose + galactose=
maltose + water
Sucrose + water
Lactose + water
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
Hydroxyl group ( OH) on carbon 1 are swapped around.
What is the test for starch?
Add 5ml of sample, add 5 drops iodine, blue black colour means starch is present.
What is the test for reducing sugars?
Add 5ml of sample, add 5ml Benedict’s solution, heat in boiling water bath for 5 mins, brick red precipitate present indicates presence of reducing sugar.
Give examples of reducing sugars.
maltose, lactose, glucose, fructose, galactose
What is the test for non-reducing sugars?
Add 5ml of sample, add 5 drops of HCL and heat, add 1 spatula of sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralise, add 5ml bennedicts solution, heat, brick red precipitate indicates presence of non-reducing sugar.
What is a saturated fatty acid?
contains no carbon carbon double bonds, usually solid at room temperature.
