Biological molecules

Question 1

What are the four types of biological molecule?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

Biological molecules are organic, what does this mean?

Answer 2

They contain the element carbon

Question 3

What elements are in carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 4

What elements are in lipids?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 5

What elements are in proteins?

Answer 5

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 6

What elements are nucleic acids?

Answer 6

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 7

Most carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are polymers made up of small units known

Answer 7

Monomers

Question 8

What is a monomer?

Answer 8

Smaller units that combine to make a large molecule (polymer).

Question 9

What is a polymer?

Answer 9

Large molecule made up of many repeating units of monomers joined together by chemical bonds

Question 10

What is the process in which monomers join to form a polymer?

Answer 10

Polymerisation

Question 11

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Monosaccharides

Question 12

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Polysaccharides

Question 13

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

What is the polymer of proteins?

Answer 14

Polypeptides

Question 15

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 15

Nucleotides

Question 16

What is the polymer of nucleic acids?

Answer 16

Polynucleotides

Question 17

Most polymers are synthesised via a ___ reaction

Answer 17

Condensation

Question 18

Most polymers are broken down via a ___ reaction

Answer 18

Hydrolysis

Question 19

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 19

The removal of water to form a bond between two molecules

Question 20

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 20

The addition of water to break a chemical bond between two molecules

Question 21

What is an ion?

Answer 21

An atom with an electric charge

Question 22

What is an inorganic ion?

Answer 22

An ion that does not contain carbon (with some exceptions)

Question 23

What is a cation?

Answer 23

An ion with a positive charge

Question 24

What is an anion?

Answer 24

An ion with a negative charge

Question 25

Cation Card What is the symbol for calcium?

Answer 25

Ca2+

Question 26

Cation Card Name three examples of the roles of calcium in living organisms

Answer 26

1. Nerve impulse transmission 2. Muscle contraction 3. Cofactor for enzymes

Question 27

Cation Card What is the symbol for sodium?

Answer 27

Na+

Question 28

Cation Card Name three examples of the roles of sodium in living organisms

Answer 28

1. Generating nerve impulses 2. Muscle contraction 3. Co-transport of glucose and amino acids

Question 29

Cation Card What is the symbol for potassium?

Answer 29

K+

Question 30

Cation Card Name three examples of the roles of potassium in living organisms

Answer 30

1. Generating nerve impulses 2. Muscle contraction 3. Regulating fluid balance

Question 31

Cation Card What is the symbol for hydrogen?

Answer 31

H+

Question 32

Cation Card Name three examples of the roles of hydrogen in living organisms

Answer 32

1. Determines the pH of solutions 2. Used in photosynthesis reactions

Question 33

Cation Card What is the symbol for ammonium?

Answer 33

NH4+

Question 34

Cation Card Name three examples of the roles of ammonium in living organisms

Answer 34

l. Source of nitrogen for plants

Question 35

Cation Card What is the symbol for iron?

Answer 35

Fe2+

Question 36

Cation Card Name three examples of the roles of iron in living organisms

Answer 36

1. Bind to oxygen within haemoglobin

Question 37

Anion Card What is the symbol for chloride?

Answer 37

CL -

Question 38

Anion Card Name three examples of the roles of chloride in living organisms

Answer 38

1. Maintains blood pH in gas exchange 2. Cofactor for amylase enzyme

Question 39

Anion Card What is the symbol phosphate?

Answer 39

PO43-

Question 40

Anion Card Name three examples of the roles of phosphate in living organisms

Answer 40

1. Component of nucleotides and phospholipids 2. Bonds store energy in ATP

Question 41

Anion Card What is the symbol for hydroxide?

Answer 41

OH -

Question 42

Anion Card Name three examples of the roles of hydroxide in living organisms

Answer 42

1. Determines the pH of solutions

Question 43

Anion Card What is the symbol of nitrogen?

Answer 43

NO3-

Question 44

Anion Card Name three examples of the roles of nitrate in living organisms

Answer 44

1. Source of nitrogen

Question 45

Anion Card What is the symbol hydrogencarbonate

Answer 45

HCO3-

Question 46

Anion Card Name three examples of the roles of hydrogencarbonate in living organisms

Answer 46

1. Maintains blood pH

Question 47

What are the six cations?

Answer 47

1. Calcium 2. Sodium 3. Potassium 4. Hydrogen 5. Ammonium 6. Iron

Question 48

What are the five anions?

Answer 48

1. Chloride 2. Phosphate 3. Hydroxide 4. Nitrate 5. Hydrogencarbonate